A rare case report of mucinous cystadenoma with immunohistochemical analysis and review of literature.

Cystadenomas are rare salivary gland tumours characterised by prominent epithelium-lined papillary projections into the cystic spaces. A 37 year-old female, presented with a swelling on the right side of the hard palate. Clinically, the swelling was soft, fluctuant, sessile and non-tender measuring 2.5 × 2 cm in diameter. Excisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological and immunohistochemical features were characteristic of mucinous cystadenoma. There has been no recurrence over a 2-year follow up period. The article highlights its clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical features and differential diagnosis along with review of literature. Cystadenoma of the palate is rare, papillary variety being more common than mucinous with very few cases reported in literature.

Combating inadequate anesthesia in periapical infections, with sodium bicarbonate: a clinical double blind study.

INTRODUCTION: Local anesthetics are generally much less effective when administered in inflamed tissues. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to validate the addition of sodium bicarbonate in local anesthetics to increase its effectiveness as local infiltrations in teeth associated with periapical infections. METHODS: Two hundred subjects requiring extraction of maxillary teeth with periapical infections were enrolled. These subjects were divided in two groups of 100 subjects each. One group received local infiltration with 2 % lignocaine and 1:80,000 adrenaline, and the other group received local infiltration with sodium bicarbonate as an adjunct to the above mentioned local anesthetic solution. All extractions were performed using a consistent intra-alveolar technique by a single operator. Both the patient and the operator were blinded to the contents of local anesthetic solution. Data related to the onset of action of local anesthesia, pain experienced by the patient while undergoing extraction on two scales-"the visual analog scale and the verbal response scale", and any requirement of repeated injections during the procedure was recorded. RESULTS: Clinical and statistical data confirmed that the addition of sodium bicarbonate in local anesthetics did increase the efficacy of local anesthesia in inflamed tissues. CONCLUSION: It has been observed in this study that the action of sodium bicarbonate in local anesthetics increases the pH levels of these solutions, thus possibly making them more effective in an acidic environment.

Pattern of mandibular third molar impaction in the Indian population: a retrospective clinico-radiographic survey.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to study incidence of type of impaction of mandibular third molars in the Indian population. STUDY DESIGN: Data of 1200 patients examined during a 5-year period were reviewed, which included status of mandibular third molar for inclination, emergence in oral cavity, and prevalence of caries. Radiographically, angulation of tooth, level of occlusal surface of third molar with respect to second molar, relationship between ascending ramus of mandible and distal surface of third molar, and proximity to inferior alveolar nerve were studied. RESULTS: Of 1200 patient data reviewed, 620 (51.77%) were of men and 580 (48.3%) were women in the age group of 20 to 40 years (26.3 years). Mesioangular impaction was most prevalent followed by distoangular. A strong statistical significance was found between gender and ramus relationship. Fifty percent of cases showed proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve, which was more frequent in males (58.3%). CONCLUSION: Our study highlights mesioangular impaction as the most frequently encountered angulation in impacted teeth.

Efficacy of double gloving technique in major and minor oral surgical procedures: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: A prospective analysis was carried out over a 1-year period to assess gloves used during 100 major and 100 minor oral surgical procedures to test for efficacy of double gloving in oral surgical procedures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of double gloving technique in preventing cross infection in both major and minor oral surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gloves used during 100 major and 100 minor oral surgical procedures were analyzed to check for glove perforations and skin punctures. 100 sterile gloves were tested as control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test was used to determine whether there was any difference between the expected and observed values in various categories. RESULTS: A higher number of glove perforations was seen in minor oral surgical procedures compared with major surgeries, dominant hand compared with the nondominant, outer gloves compared with the inner, in procedures which took a longer duration of time to complete, in procedures involving wiring and in the index finger followed by the thumb and the palm. CONCLUSION: Double gloving technique using sterile gloves can be used as an effective means of infection control for all major and minor surgical procedures, especially high-risk procedures involving patients who maybe suffering from or carriers of blood-borne infections.