ABSTRACT
In this study, we present the preparation, stability, and in vivo fasciolicidal activity of three new intramuscular formulations in sheep of a prodrug based on triclabendazole, named fosfatriclaben. The new formulations were ready-to-use aqueous solutions with volumes recommended for intramuscular administration in sheep. The use of poloxamers (P-407 and P-188) and polysorbates (PS-20 and PS-80) in the new formulations improved the aqueous solubility of fosfatriclaben by 8-fold at pH 7.4. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was used to evaluate the stability of fosfatriclaben in the three formulations. High recovery (> 90%) of fosfatriclaben was found for all formulations after exposure at 57 ± 2 °C for 50 h. The three intramuscular formulations showed high fasciolicidal activity at a dose of 6 mg/kg, which was equivalent to the triclabendazole content. The fasciolicidal activity of fosfatriclaben was similar to commercial oral (Fasimec®) and intramuscular (Endovet®) triclabendazole formulations at a dose of 12 mg/kg. In the in vivo experiments, all formulations administered intramuscularly reduced egg excretion by 100%, and formulations F1, F2, and F3 presented fasciolicidal activities of 100%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively.
Subject(s)
Anthelmintics , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis , Prodrugs , Sheep Diseases , Animals , Sheep , Triclabendazole , Fascioliasis/veterinary , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Prodrugs/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Sheep Diseases/drug therapy , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
A series of quinazoline-2,4,6-triamine were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against Leishmania mexicana. Among them, N(6)-(ferrocenmethyl)quinazolin-2,4,6-triamine (H2) showed activity on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, as well as low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. Docking and electrochemical studies showed the importance of both the ferrocene and the heterocyclic nucleus to the observed activity. H2 is readily oxidized electrochemically, indicating that the mechanism of action probably involves redox reactions.