Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy using a pre-tied loop ligature in Santa Ines ewes / Ovariectomia por um portal laparoscópico com aplicação de ligaduras pré-montadas em ovelhas Santa Inês

ABSTRACT:The aim of the study was to develop and assess the feasibility, postoperative pain and inflammatory response of the single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy in ewes, using a simple pre-tied loop ligature technique. Pre-tied Meltzer's knot was employed for prophylactic hemostasis of the ovarian pedicle. Slipknot was inserted within the abdominal cavity through a 14-gauge needle and tied surrounding the ovarian pedicle. Mean surgical time, manipulation, ligature and resection of each ovary and anesthesia time were 63±20, 20±10 and 91±26 minutes, respectively. No bleeding occurred during the surgeries. Ewes showed low scores pain (0.5±0.5) at all time-points. Postsurgical plasma fibrinogen was within the normal range for sheep specie at all time-points. The ewes showed a significant weight gain in comparison to the basal scaling (one day before the surgery). Single-port laparoscopic ovariectomy using a pre-tied loop ligature is feasible in the ovine specie and provided minimal postoperative distress and quick weight gain.

RESUMO:Objetivou-se com este trabalho desenvolver e descrever uma técnica de ovariectomia por videolaparoscopia utilizando um portal laparoscópico e um sistema de ligadura pré-montada, avaliando a sua viabilidade, o desconforto doloroso e o processo inflamatório provocado em ovelhas. O nó de Meltzer pré-montado foi utilizado para hemostasia profilática do pedículo ovariano. O nó corrediço foi inserido na cavidade abdominal através de uma agulha 14G e atado em torno do pedículo ovariano. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 63±20min, o de manipulação, ligadura e ressecção para cada ovário foi de 20±10min, e o de anestesia 91±26min. Não houve hemorragia durante as cirurgias. As ovelhas apresentaram escores de dor considerados baixos (0,5±0,5). Todos os valores do fibrinogênio plasmático estiveram dentro do padrão de normalidade, não havendo diferença estatística entre os momentos avaliados. Houve aumento significativo nas médias de peso das fêmeas, quando comparados ao momento controle (um dia anterior ao experimento). A ovariectomia por um portal laparoscópico com aplicação de ligaduras pré-montadas é factível para a espécie ovina, provocando mínimo estresse, desconforto doloroso e rápido ganho de peso nos animais.

Influence of bovine serum albumin and fetal bovine serum supplementation during in vitro maturation on lipid and mitochondrial behaviour in oocytes and lipid accumulation in bovine embryos.

Proper oocyte maturation is crucial for subsequent embryo development; however, oocyte mitochondrial and lipid-droplet behaviour are still poorly understood. Although excessive lipid accumulation during in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has been linked with impaired cryotolerance, lipid oxidation is essential for adequate energy supply. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are supplements used during IVP, containing high and low lipid content, respectively. This study aimed to understand how these supplements influence oocyte mitochondrial and lipid behaviour during in vitro maturation (IVM) in comparison to in vivo maturation, as well as their influence on development rates and embryo lipid accumulation during IVP. We demonstrate that only in vivo-matured oocytes maintained correlation between lipid content and active mitochondria. IVM media containing FBS increased total lipid content 18-fold and resulted in higher lipid accumulation in oocytes when compared with media with BSA. IVM using a lower FBS concentration combined with BSA resulted in satisfactory maturation and embryo development and also reduced lipid accumulation in blastocysts. In conclusion, IVM causes changes in mitochondrial and lipid dynamics, which may have negative effects on oocyte development rates and embryo lipid accumulation. Moreover, decreasing FBS concentrations during IVM may reduce embryo lipid accumulation without affecting production rates.

Distribution of cortical granules and meiotic maturation of canine oocytes in bi-phasic systems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different bi-phasic systems with gonadotrophins and steroids on in vitro maturation rates of oocytes obtained from bitches at different reproductive stages (follicular, luteal, anoestrous). In System A (control) oocytes were matured for 72h in base medium (BM) with 10IUmL(-1) human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), 1µgmL(-1) progesterone (P4) and 1µgmL(-1) oestradiol (E2); in bi-phasic System B oocytes were matured for 48h in BM with hCG and for 24h in BM with P4; in bi-phasic System C oocytes were matured for 48h in BM with hCG, P4 and E2, and for 24h in BM with P4; in System D, oocytes were cultured in BM without hormonal supplementation. Data were analysed by ANOVA. There was a positive effect of the bi-phasic systems on germinal vesicle breakdown, metaphase I and metaphase II rates, irrespective of reproductive status (P<0.05). Bi-phasic systems were also beneficial for cortical granule distribution (an indication of cytoplasmic maturation) and its relationship to nuclear status: 74.5% of the oocytes cultured in System B and 85.4% of those cultured in System C presented both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation (P<0.001). The stage of the oestrous cycle did not influence maturation rates.

Análise do perfil bioquímico e hematológico em fêmeas caninas acometidas por piometra e cultura e antibiograma do conteúdo intrauterino

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de cadelas com piometra, bem como avaliar a microbiota uterina e sua sensibilidade frente a diferentes classes de antibióticos. O estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos, o primeiro consistiu na realização de cultura e antibiograma do conteúdo uterino de 47 cadelas com piometra, já no segundo determinou-se o perfil bioquímico e hematológico de 81 cadelas com piometra. Os animais foram divididos de acordo com a sua condição clínica em grupo 1: cadelas saudáveis; grupo 2: doença sistêmica leve, pacientes geriátricos e infecções localizadas; grupo 3: doença sistêmica e desidratação moderadas, hipovolemia, anorexia, caquexia e anemia; grupo 4: doença sistêmica grave, choque, uremia, toxemia, desidratação grave, hipovolemia, anemia grave e doença renal descompensada, e grupo 5: fêmeas moribundas, prognóstico ruim, falência de múltiplos órgãos e choque. A bactéria mais encontrada foi a Escherichia coli, seguida da Streptococcus spp. A sensibilidade da E. coli frente aos antimicrobianos foi muito variada, mostrando a importância da execução deste exame. A distribuição dos grupos e as análises do perfil bioquímico e hematológico contribui muito para estabelecer um prognóstico mais preciso e confiável.

The aim of this study was to determinate biochemical and hematologicalprofiles in bitches with pyometra, and to evaluate the uterine microbiota and itssusceptibility to different antibiotics. The study was divided in two experiments. The firstexperiment consisted in performing culture and antibiogram of the uterine content of 47bitches with pyometra, and in the second experiment in determining biochemical andhematological profiles of 81 bitches with pyometra. Animals were divided according totheir clinical condition in group 1: healthy animals; group 2: mild systemic disease,geriatric patient and local infections; group 3: moderate systemic disease grupo anddehydration, hypovolemia, anorexia and anemia; group 4: severe systemic disease,shock, uremia, toxemia, serious dehydration and anemia, hypovolemia anddescompensed kidney disease; and group 5: very ill bitches, bad prognostic, multipleorgan failure and shock. Escherichia coli was the most common bacteriaassessedfllowed by Streptococcus spp. The E. coli was susceptibal to variousantibiotics, showing the importance of this kind of test. The groups distribution andbiochemical and hematological profiles contributes a lot to set a most accurate andreliable prognostic.

Rastreamento de metástases no pré-operatório do câncer de mama / Screening of breast cancer metastasis at preoperative work-up

Objetivos: verificar a freqüência de bilateralidade sincrônica e de metástases (M) ocultas no pré-operatório de pacientes com câncer de mama em estudo retrospectivo com inclusão de 454 pacientes tratadas num período de 60 meses no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Brasil) com câncer operável de mama. Métodos: a avaliação pré-operatória constou de mamografia, cintilografia óssea e estudo radiológico se necessário, radiografia simples do tórax e ultra-sonografia (US) hepática em 260 (57,3 por cento) pacientes. A relação custo/efetividade dos exames levou em consideração os custos diretos (valor monetário) e a efetividade foi analisada em função do número de metástases rastreadas e confirmadas pela metodologia empregada. Resultados: o rastreio de câncer bilateral sincrônico foi negativo e o de metástase foi positivo em 9 pacientes (2 por cento). O diagnóstico de M ósseas ocorreu em 1,5 por cento (7/454), pulmonares em 0,4 por cento (2/454), com idêntico percentual para M hepáticas detectadas pela US hepática (1/260). A maioria das pacientes com M estava classificada no estádio clínico IIIb (44,5 por cento). O rastreio de 9 pacientes com M, teve custo total de US$ 131,020.00. Para cada M diagnosticada, num total de 10 (uma paciente teve duas) o custo foi de US$ 29,221.85; a relação custo/efetividade, foi, portanto, de 22,3 por cento. Conclusões: concluímos que o rastreio de M no pré-operatório de carcinoma de mama fica restrito às pacientes sintomáticas para doença sistêmica ou no estádio clínico III e que a relação custo/efetividade dos exames demonstrou restrito benefício na avaliação pré-operatória.

Purpose: to analyze the frequency of preoperative bilateral synchronic cancer and occult metastases in 454 operable breast cancer patients, at Instituto Nacional de Câncer (Brazil). Methods: the preoperative evaluation consisted of mammography, bone scan with X-ray if necessary, and chest X-ray. 260 (57.3 percent) of 454 patients underwent liver echography. We calculated the cost X effectiveness ratio considering only the direct costs (monetary value) and the effectiveness was analyzed based on the number of metastases identifid by the screening tests. Results: we did not find any case of bilateral synchronic cancer, and the frequency of patients with metastasis was 2 percent (9/454). The diagnosis of bone metastasis was 1.5 percent (7/454). The percentage of lung (2/454) and liver (1/260) metastasis was the same, 0.4 percent. Most of the patients with metastases were in stage IIIb (44.5 percent). The results of the screening tests showed the alteration of the initial clinical stage in 9 patients only (2 percent). The total cost of the screening tests for the diagnosis of systemic disease in 9 patients, was US$ 131,020.00. The cost of each diagnosed metastasise, for a total of 10 (two were found in one of the patients), was US$ 29,221.85 and the cost/effectiveness ratio was 22.3 percent. Conclusious: the results showed that screening for metastases in the preoperative clinical staging of breast cancer should be limited to patients symptomatic for systemic disease or in clinical stage III and that the cost/effectiveness ratio of the tests demonstrated a reduced benefit in the preoperative evaluation.