A comparative study of physicochemical properties of AH Plus and Epiphany root canal sealants.

AIM: To evaluate setting time, solubility and disintegration, flow, film thickness, and dimensional change following setting in a dual-cured resin root canal sealer Epiphany compared with an epoxy-resin-based sealer AH Plus. METHODOLOGY: The experiments were performed according to ANSI/ADA Specification 57 which tests the physicochemical properties of endodontic sealing materials. Five samples of each material were tested for each of the properties. In addition, deionized distilled water from the solubility test of Epiphany was submitted for analysis of the cations Fe, Ni, Ca, Mg, Zn, Na, and K in an atomic absorption spectrometer. Three samples were analysed. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences (P>0.05) in flow (AH Plus: 38.57 mm; Epiphany: 35.74 mm) and film thickness (AH Plus: 10.6 microm; Epiphany: 20.1 microm). The solubility (AH Plus: 0.21%; Epiphany: 3.41%) and dimensional alterations following setting (AH Plus: expansion of 1.3%; Epiphany: expansion of 8.1%) were statistically different (P<0.05). The setting times of both sealants were in accordance with ANSI/ADA requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Setting time, flow, and film thickness tests for both cements conformed to ANSI/ADA standards. Dimensional alteration test for both cements were greater than values considered acceptable by ANSI/ADA. Epiphany values regarding solubility were also greater than values considered acceptable by ANSI/ADA.

[Brazilian congresses -- bridges to freedom and nursing transformation]. / Os congressos brasileiros--pontes para a liberdade e transformação da Enfermagem.

This study concerns the comprehension of the converging points in Brazilian Nursing Congresses as well as of their contribution to the production of nursing knowledge. The investigation method used was that of historical research with a documental analysis of the Proceedings of Brazilian Nursing Congresses from 1977 to 1987. The main converging points appearing in the lecturers' speeches refer to: higher and secondary education; nursing care; healthcare policies; the image of nurses and its transformation over the years.

[Representations of nursing history in the current daily practice]. / As representações da história da enfermagem na prática cotidiana atual.

This study presents a historical analyses on the links between the nursing practice and the influence which it receives from various religious orders/asssociations throughout the times. The professional nursing which was pioneered by Florence Nightingale in the XIXth century, was influenced directly by the teachings of love and fraternity. In addition, other contributions from the religious orders/associations were the concepts of altruism, the positive value of an adequate environment for the care of patients, and the division of work in nursing.

[From care of the soul to care of the body--a new understanding of the history of nursing]. / Do cuidado da alma ao cuidado do corpo--uma nova compreensão da história da enfermagem.

This study relates to the birth and the development of the Company of the Sisters of Charity of São Vicente de Paulo in France since 1633. This study has as its objective historically rebuild the process of creation of the Company of the Sisters of São Vicente de Paulo and the role of Luiza de Marillac and Father Vicente de Paulo in this process, and discuss the importance of this Company for the proposal of a pre-professional nursing care, imposing the bases of what would be called later the nursing techniques. It is a study of social and historical nature, to which I will use Michel Foucault preconceived ideas, regarding the analysis and discussion of the documents under the light of the genealogical analysis. This study focuses mainly the aspects that concern to implementation of a nursing practice towards the care of the sick body, and to the catechisation of the poor and the sick people. It focuses also the importance of Luiza de Marillac as a nurse, master and guide to the other Sisters.

[Understanding the idea of nursing for use in professional practice]. / A compreensão do ideário da enfermagem para a transformação da prática professional.

This study is about the comprehension analysis of female students at graduation courses in Nursing on the meaning of Nursing as a female profession, in the light of their reasons why they have chosen it. Qualitative method and social representation have been used for data analysis. The results showed that Nursing is a profession of love for the fellowman and it is a way to get closer to God, but it is also a challenge and a struggle for a better profession.

[The nurse--construction of a behavior model, based on the medical discourse at the beginning of the century]. / Enfermeira--a construção de um modelo de comportamento a partir dos discursos médicos do início do século.

The purpose of this study is to trace a parallel between the medical discourse content and the expected and stereotyped nurses behavior at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is a historic-social approach in which authors analysed the speeches used by nurses and physicians at nursing and medicine schools. The analysis of the physicians discourse compared to nurses discourse revealed the formation of a mentality shaped by the medical power that wanted them "holy" and servile.

[Nursing--construction of a model based on the medical discourse]. / Enfermeira--a construção de um modelo a partir do discurso médico.

The purpose is to trace a parallel between the medical discourse contents and the expected and stereotyped nurses behavior at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is a historic-social approach in which was made use of speeches uttered by nurses and physicians at nursing and medicine schools. The analysis of physicians discourse compared to nurses discourse disclose the formation of a mentality shaped and turned docile by the medical power which wanted them holy and servile.

[Women and nurses in domestic/family surroundings and in public. A theoretical and contextual approach]. / A mulher/enfermeira nos âmbitos doméstico-familiar e público uma abordagem teórica-contextual.

The study deals with the historical evolution of the woman in the society particularly in the familiar and public aspects. The intention to establish the relation, over the years, between the woman role and the nursing, a predominant female profession.

[The woman/nurse in the domestic, family and public domain: a theoretical/contextual approach]. / A mulher/enfermeira nos âmbitos doméstico-familiar e público: uma abordagem teórico-contextual.

The study deals with the historical evolution of woman in society, particularly in the familiar and public aspects. It intends establish the relation, over the years, between the woman role, and the nursing, a predominant female profession.

[The degree student and scientific research]. / O aluno de graduação e a pesquisa científica.

Investigation about the perception and knowledge of the nursing graduation students with respect to scientific research and its use. The method is qualitative-analysis of the contents. The environment is a public nursing school in Rio de Janeiro, the sample consists of 36 students and the tool is a list of 6 questions. The students have a relative scientific research knowledge absorbed along the graduation, mainly from 6th period. They think that the scientific method is important to their development. They choose Research Introduction course as a manner of learning, to develop monographs, to increase their professional skill and to get credits.

[The preparation for self-care of the diabetic client and his family]. / O preparo para o autocuidado do cliente diabético e família.

UNLABELLED: Partial report, quanti-qualitative of action-research developed in the ward test/ambulatory of a University Hospital, extensive to home; integrating students, teachers and nursing team. OBJECTIVE: to establish standards to integrate hospital/community, seeking the man in the home circle, oppose the recovery/rehabilitation and the integration to work/society, considering the problems in the home/work and put into practice the proposition of the SUDS with extension to the hospital/community actions. Home visits raising the home conditions, family and/or community, consolidating their participation in the process. During the hospital stay nursing care was oriented to conduct the participation and realization of the care by the client and relatives happening the same in the ambulatory probation.

[The experience of inservice education in a private institution]. / A prática da educação em serviço em uma instituição privada.

The experience was developed in a private hospital of the Rio de Janeiro, with 60 patients, in the period of 1987 to 1988. The objective are: To report the experience of the service education cordenation in a private institution. To contributer to the practice and scientific improvement of the brazilian nursing. The service education happened in the following areas: 1) Personnel recruitment; 2) Training; 3) Recycling and continuous education; 4) Case study; 5) Improvement and development through the incentive in talking part of nursing meetings.

[A critical analysis of the reasons for teaching-care integration and/or disintegration in nursing]. / Análise crítica das causas de integração e/ou desintegração docente-assistencial na enfermagem.

This work refers to a sampling of last years articles published regarding to the process of Nursing Teachers-Assistance Integration. The objective was to identify and to evaluate the causes responsible for the integration or desintegration of Nursing Teacher-Assistance, as well as to recommend strategies to facilitate the "IDA" in nursing.