The Risk of Eating Disorders in Adolescent Athletes: How We Might Address This Phenomenon?

Eating disorders are psychiatric and behavioral health pathologies of high complexity and different etiology, which can affect age groups, sexes, and ethnicities indistinctly. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of eating disorders and the possible relation with the sports profile of Colombian adolescent athletes. This was an exploratory cross-sectional quantitative study that used an online form designed with a sociodemographic questionnaire and the EAT-26 scale to determine the eating disorder risk of the object population. A total of 354 adolescent athletes participated. There were 182 men and 172 women and the mean age was 15.59 (range: 10-19 years, SD = 1.938). The participants presented a significantly low risk of eating disorders (21.2%) with no differences in prevalence between both sexes. The risk of eating disorder was related to the result of the last competition (p = 0.01), the type of sport (p = 0.032), the years of sports practice (p = 0.004), and the number of training hours a day (p = 0.011). It is relevant to recognize that adolescents and athletes are vulnerable populations regarding eating disorders. In conclusion, adolescent athletes should be the object of special attention to prevent eating disorders and their consequences on health and sports performance.

Development of Lightweight Mortars Using Sustainable Low-Density Glass Aggregates from Secondary Raw Materials.

In this study, different lightweight expanded glass aggregates (LEGAs) were produced from glass cullet and various carbonated wastes, through a thermal impact process. The effects of LEGA microstructure and morphology on both the adherence to the cement paste and the mechanical properties of mortars after 28 days of curing were studied. The properties of lightweight mortars made of either LEGAs or expanded clay aggregates were compared. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using LEGAs to produce glass lightweight aggregate mortar, with flexural and compressive strength values ranging from 5.5 to 8.2 MPa and from 28.1 to 47.6 MPa, respectively. The differences in mechanical properties were explained according to the microstructures of the fracture surfaces. Thus, arlite-type ceramic aggregates presented surface porosities that allowed mortar intrusion and the formation of an interconnected interface; although the surfaces of the vitreous aggregates were free from porosity due to their vitreous nature, the mortars obtained from different wastes presented compressive and flexural strengths in the range of lightweight mortars.

Use of a Waste-Derived Linde Type-A Immobilized in Agarose for the Remediation of Water Impacted by Coal Acid Mine Drainage at Pilot Scale.

A new adsorbent based on an immobilized waste-derived LTA zeolite in agarose (AG) has proven to be an innovative and efficient alternative for removing metallic contaminants from water impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD) because the immobilization prevents the solubilization of the zeolite in acidic media and eases its separation from the adsorbed solution. A pilot device was developed containing slices of the sorbent material [AG (1.5%)-LTA (8%)] to be used in a treatment system under an upward continuous flow. High removals of Fe2+ (93.45%), Mn2+ (91.62%), and Al3+ (96.56%) were achieved, thus transforming river water heavily contaminated by metallic ions into water suitable for non-potable use for these parameters, according to Brazilian and/or FAO standards. Breakthrough curves were constructed and the corresponding maximum adsorption capacities (mg/g) (Fe2+, 17.42; Mn2+, 1.38; Al3+, 15.20) calculated from them. Thomas mathematical model was well fitted to the experimental data, indicating the participation of an ion-exchange mechanism in the removal of the metallic ions. The pilot-scale process studied, in addition to being highly efficient in removing metal ions at toxic levels in AMD-impacted water, is linked to the sustainability and circular economy concepts, due to the use as an adsorbent of a synthetic zeolite derived from a hazardous aluminum waste.

Feasibility and safety of zero-fluoroscopy left bundle branch pacing: An initial experience.

INTRODUCTION: Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has emerged in recent years as a new pacing modality, providing patients with a narrower paced QRS than conventional pacing and stable pacing parameters. At the same time, there is a growing concern about the use of fluoroscopy in pacemaker implantations, given its harmful effects on both patients and operators. However, there are no prior experiences of zero-fluoroscopy in LBBP procedure. METHODS: We conducted an observational prospective study recruiting consecutive patients that underwent zero-fluoroscopy LBBP pacemaker implantation. A 6-month follow-up visit was programmed for every patient. The main goal of our study was to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of the procedure. RESULTS: From January 2021 to February 2022, we included 10 patients, 8 males. The average age was 63 ± 4 years. The procedure was successful in all patients. We observed a significant reduction in paced QRS width compared with basal QRS width (149 ± 31.9 vs. 116 ± 15.6 ms, p = .02). All device parameters remained stable at 6-month follow-up: no significant differences in mean impedance (700.5 ± 136.4 vs. 494 ± 72.7 Ohm, p = .09), capture threshold (0.67 ± 0.2 vs. 0.83 ± 0.2 V @ 0.4 ms, p = .27) or endocardial V-wave amplitude (10.6 ± 5.2 vs. 13.9 ± 6.3 mV, p = .19). No complications were reported in any case. CONCLUSION: Zero-fluoroscopy LBBP is feasible and safe, and it may be considered in cases where radiation exposure is contraindicated or especially undesirable. Future randomized clinical trials are needed for the widespread use of this new technique.

Local impedance and contact force guidance to predict successful cavotricuspid isthmus ablation with a zero-fluoroscopy approach.

Introduction: A new technology capable of monitoring local impedance (LI) and contact force (CF) has recently been developed. At the same time, there is growing concern regarding catheter ablation performed under fluoroscopy guidance, due to its harmful effects for both patients and practitioners. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of zero-fluoroscopy cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation monitoring LI drop and CF as well as to elucidate if these parameters can predict successful radiofrequency (RF) applications in CTI ablation. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study recruiting 50 consecutive patients who underwent CTI ablation. A zero-fluoroscopy approach guided by the combination of LI drop and CF was performed. In each RF application, CF and LI drop were monitored. A 6-month follow-up visit was scheduled to assess recurrences. Results: A total of 767 first-pass RF applications were evaluated in 50 patients. First-pass effective RF applications were associated with greater LI drops: absolute LI drops (30.05 ± 6.23 Ω vs. 25.01 ± 5.95 Ω), p = 0.004) and relative LI drops (-23.3 ± 4.9% vs. -18.3 ± 5.6%, p = 0.0005). RF applications with a CF between 5 and 15 grams achieved a higher LI drop compared to those with a CF below 5 grams (29.4 ± 8.76 Ω vs. 24.8 ± 8.18 Ω, p < 0.0003). However, there were no significant differences in LI drop between RF applications with a CF between 5 and 15 grams and those with a CF beyond 15 grams (29.4 ± 8.76 Ω vs. 31.2 ± 9.81 Ω, p = 0.19). CF by itself, without considering LI drop, did not predict effective RF applications (12.3 ± 7.54 g vs. 11.18 ± 5.18 g, p = 0.545). Successful CTI ablation guided by a zero-fluoroscopy approach was achieved in all patients. Only one patient experienced a recurrence during the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: LI drop (absolute and relative values) appears to be a good predictor of successful RF applications to achieve CTI conduction block. The optimal CF to achieve a good LI drop is between 5 and 15 g. A zero-fluoroscopy approach guided by LI and CF was feasible, effective, and safe.

Glass Lightweight Aggregates from Glass Cullet and Mining and Food Industry Carbonate Waste.

Lightweight aggregates are extensively used in construction and other industrial applications due to their technological characteristics. The extraction of natural aggregates results in serious environmental effects. Thus, within the circular economy concept, the valorization of waste through the optimization of materials and product design is encouraged. In this work, glass lightweight aggregates were prepared from mixtures of white glass cullet and carbonate wastes from mining (wastes originating from the extraction, manufacture and marketing of magnesite and its derivatives) and the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell). The effects of different processing parameters, such as the particle size of the base glass, percentage of the blowing additive, shaping method, heating rate, temperature and processing time, were evaluated. The results indicate that the mineralogical composition of the blowing agent and the particle size of the base glass are the two processing parameters with the greatest impact on expansion efficiency. Thus, glass artificial aggregates were obtained with characteristics similar to those of commercial products (density values ranged between 0.3 and 0.8 g/cm3 and mechanical strength between 0.7 and 1.5 MPa) from thermal shock expansion treatments in the temperature range 800-900 °C and with dwell times no longer than 15 min.

[Outcomes of percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in pulmonary valve stenosis in the pediatric population in a single center, Lima - Peru]. / Resultados de la valvuloplastia percutánea con balón en la estenosis valvular pulmonar en población pediátrica en el Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular - INCOR, Lima - Perú.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure and outcomes during follow-up. Methods: 80 patients with pulmonary valvular stenosis who underwent percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty between January 2014 and December 2019 are described. Demographic, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic characteristics of the procedure were evaluated. Follow-up included clinical, echocardiographic parameters, pulmonary regurgitation severity, and residual pulmonary gradient at each cutoff point. Results: The age range was 2 years (interquartile range: 10.5 months - 6 years), and the predominant sex was male with 56.2%. The transvalvular pulmonary gradient decreased from 61.7 mmHg +- 21.2 to 17 mmHg (interquartile range: 11-26 mmHg). The immediate success rate was 90%. Follow-up time showed a median of 21 months (interquartile range: 5-47.5 months). All patients at follow-up showed some degree of pulmonary insufficiency at each cutoff point; 17% of the cases at the end of their follow-up were found to have severe insufficiency. Three cases of long-term restenosis were found (3.8%), and 6 (7.5%) were admitted for valvuloplasty surgery or pulmonary valve replacement. The complications reported reached 10% of cases, two patients were admitted to surgery during the procedure for major complications. A significant association was found with severe pulmonary insufficiency at the end of follow-up and ring/balloon ratio. Conclusions: Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty with balloon is an effective technique in the treatment of pulmonary valvular stenosis, with reported complications but with good results during follow-up.

Estimación de riesgo cardiovascular por mediciones corporales como punto a favor de la atención primaria / Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk Based on Body Measu8rements: A Score Ahead in Primary Care

Introducción: El riesgo cardiovascular es considerado actualmente como uno de los más peligrosos desencadenantes de enfermedades crónicas, ya que es el causante de miles de muertes a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Generar un modelo de regresión logística para una aplicación de escritorio que estime el riesgo cardiovascular por medidas antropométricas y diferentes fórmulas, y así identificar la prevalencia del riesgo cardiovascular en la población objeto de estudio. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 169 trabajadores de una institución universitaria del suroccidente colombiano, a los cuales se les tomaron medidas antropométricas de peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura aplicando el protocolo de la Sociedad Internacional de Avances para la Cineantropometría. Además, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada para recolectar datos sociodemográficos. Los datos se analizaron con un paquete estadístico minitab con una descripción univariada para variables cualitativas como frecuencias absolutas y relativas; media y desviación estándar para las cuantitativas. La aplicación de escritorio resultado se realizó con la plataforma JAVA. Resultados: En una población de 93 mujeres y 76 hombres se halló un modelo de regresión logística con las variables cuantitativas predictoras peso y circunferencia de cintura con relación significativa a la variable respuesta riesgo cardiovascular, al igual que la variable cualitativa género. Aplicando el modelo se halló prevalencia de riesgo cardiovascular de 53,85 por ciento en la población laboralmente activa de la institución universitaria. Conclusiones: El riesgo cardiovascular es un fenómeno que cada vez gana más fuerza, y la toma de peso y circunferencia de cintura generan una determinación de este riesgo, hecho que facilitará la prevención y el control de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la atención primaria(AU)

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk is currently considered one of the most dangerous triggers of chronic diseases, as it is the cause of thousands of deaths worldwide. Objective: To create a logistic regression model for a desktop application that estimates cardiovascular risk using anthropometric measures and different formulas, and thus identify the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in the study population. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with 169 workers from a university in southwestern Colombia, to whom anthropometric measurements such as weight, height and waist circumference were taken, applying the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. In addition, a structured survey was applied to collect sociodemographic data. The data were analyzed with a Minitab statistical package, using univariate description for qualitative variables as absolute and relative frequencies, as well as mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. The resulting desktop application was made with the JAVA platform. Results: In a population of 93 women and 76 men, a logistic regression model was found, using the quantitative predictor variables of weight and waist circumference, significantly related to the cardiovascular risk response variable, as well as the qualitative variable of gender. Applying the model, prevalence of cardiovascular risk was found to be 53.85 percent in the working population of the university institution. Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk is a phenomenon that is gaining more and more strength, while measuring weight and waist circumference is a way for determining such risk, a fact that will facilitate the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the primary care level(AU)

Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Cardiac Arrhythmia Care: Experience of a Spanish Tertiary Hospital During the Health Crisis Triggered by the First Wave of the Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a deep restructuring of cardiovascular care, especially in the setting of cardiac arrhythmia units, which are characterized by a wide variety of clinical and interventional activities. We describe the experience of a large university hospital deeply hit during the COVID-19 health crisis (first outbreak of the pandemic), focusing on the exceptional measures implemented and their impact in terms of outcomes. We performed a retrospective study comparing the human and structural resources and the activity of a cardiac arrhythmia unit in a Spanish tertiary hospital for two consecutive periods: from January 12, 2020, to March 8, 2020 ("pre-COVID stage"), and from March 9, 2020, to May 2, 2020 ("COVID stage"). Data were contextualized within the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the region of Madrid. The measures implemented were promotion of non-face-to-face consultations, selection of urgent procedures, design of a "COVID-free" circuit for outpatient interventions, and protocolization for patients with COVID-19. A total of 3,526 consultations and 362 procedures were performed. During the COVID stage, the number of consultations remained stable, and the electrophysiology rooms' activity decreased by 55.2% with a relative increase in the number of urgent-hospitalized cases attended (11.8% COVID-19-positive patients). The electrophysiology rooms' activity returned to "normal" in the last week of the COVID stage, with no contagion being detected among patients or professionals. In conclusion, the measures implemented allowed us to respond safely and efficiently to the health care needs of patients with arrhythmias during the COVID-19 crisis and may be useful for other institutions facing similar situations.

Health, Work, and Social Problems in Spanish Informal Caregivers: Does Gender Matter? (The CUIDAR-SE Study).

(1) Background: The aim of this study was (i) to analyze problems faced by informal caregivers in three areas of their life: health, work and finances, and family and social relationships, (ii) to investigate the main determinants of these problems, and (iii) to explore differences between men and women. (2) Methods: The study population consisted of people aged ≥18 years living in a family home who were providing unpaid care to a dependent person in the same or another home and who were registered as caregivers with the Primary Health Care District of Granada or the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa. Several logistic regression models were built to analyze the likelihood of caregivers experiencing health, work-related, or social problems as a result of their caregiving responsibilities. (3) Results: Informal female caregivers were more likely to experience problems attributed to caregiving than their male counterparts, particularly in the areas of health and work. Additional factors associated with an increased likelihood of problems were low perceived social support, performance of ungratifying tasks, and fewer years as a caregiver. (4) Conclusions: Informal caregivers in Spain face significant problems as a result of their caregiving duties, and the impact on men and women is different. Policies and interventions to mitigate the negative effects of unpaid caregiving should incorporate differential strategies to meet the specific needs of male and female caregivers in different caregiving contexts.

Silicon Oxycarbide and Silicon Oxycarbonitride Materials under Concentrated Solar Radiation.

The potential application of silicon oxycarbonitride (SiOCN), silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and silicon oxycarbide-SiC (SiOC-SiC) for photothermal devices such as volumetric solar absorbers has been studied evaluating the response to thermal shock from a Fresnel lens. The accelerated ageing test comprises fast heating (32 °C min-1) and cooling rates (27 °C min-1) from 100 to 1000 °C and dwelling times of 10 min. Porous materials (SiOCNp and SiOCp) failed the thermal shock tests; they were massively degraded by the formation of a large depression in the focus of solar radiation. Dense materials (SiOCd and SiOC-SiCd) withstood 100 cycles of thermal shock ageing tests due to the formation of a protective silica layer. The absorptance values for dense materials remained fairly constant before and after thermal shock tests: from 94.5 to 94.3% for SiOCd and from 93.3 to 93.3% for SiOC-SiCd. These preliminary studies indicate their potential for high-temperature solar receiver applications.

Relación entre el patrón de consumo de alimentos y la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios: estudio transversal / Relationship between pattern of food consumption and body composition in university students: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCCIÓN: los jóvenes universitarios enfrentan diversas situaciones sociales que generan cambios en los estilos de vida. Estos están asociados a desequilibrios en la ingesta dietética, caracterizada por una gran densidad calórica, lo que produce sobrepeso. Al mismo tiempo, se conoce la relación entre los patrones de consumo y la composición corporal, pero existe un vacío en la población universitaria colombiana. Así pues, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación del patrón de consumo de alimentos con la composición corporal en universitarios. MÉTODO: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal con una muestra de 189 estudiantes. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas obtenidas por encuesta, variables de composición corporal derivadas de la bioimpedancia, y los grupos de alimentos y sus categorías por el método del recordatorio de 24 horas. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística multinomial para explicar la composición corporal de acuerdo con el consumo de los grupos de alimentos. RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el consumo de alimentos y la composición corporal para la grasa visceral y el consumo de huevos, carnes, embutidos y granos (p = 0,024), y para el consumo de azúcares con respecto a la masa ósea (p = 0,029) y la masa muscular (p = 0,013). El modelo de regresión múltiple mostró que el consumo de azúcar incrementa la probabilidad de tener grasa visceral (OR = 2,71) y la probabilidad de clasificar a una persona como obesa (OR = 2,55). El consumo de huevos, carnes, embutidos y granos favorece la clasificación de la grasa visceral como aceptable (OR = 0,14). El consumo de frutas y verduras incrementa la probabilidad de presentar un alto porcentaje de agua (OR = 5,41) y la clasificación del porcentaje de grasa como bajo (OR = 3,60). CONCLUSIONES: el consumo de frutas y verduras se corresponde con un porcentaje bajo de grasa; no obstante, su ingesta se vincula proporcionalmente con altos niveles de agua corporal. Se deben realizar estudios que establezcan asociaciones entre la composición corporal y el consumo de alimentos, teniendo en cuenta la ingesta específica que pueda establecer una correlación con mayor precisión

INTRODUCTION: young university students face a social dynamics that has generated complex lifestyles and, especially, an imbalance in the intake of macro and micronutrients, characterized by having a high caloric density intake, which results in significant excess of weight. It is unknown if these consumption patterns are related to body composition. This research aimed to determine the relationship between pattern of food consumption and body composition in university students. METHOD: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 189 students. Sociodemographic variables obtained by a survey, body composition variables obtained by bioimpedance, and food groups and their categories obtained via a 24-hour reminder method were included. A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to explain body composition according to consumption of food groups. RESULTS: statistically significant associations were obtained between food consumption and body composition for visceral fat and consumption of eggs, meats, sausages and grains (p = 0.024), and consumption of sugars with bone mass (p = 0.029) and muscle mass (p = 0.013). The multiple regression model showed that sugar consumption increases the risk of having visceral fat (OR = 2.71), and increases the probability of being classified as an obese person (OR = 2.55). Consumption of eggs, meats, sausages, and grains favors an acceptable percentage of visceral fat (OR = 0.14). The consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the risk of having a high percentage of water (OR = 5.41), and low fat percentage (OR = 3.60). CONCLUSIONS: the consumption of sugars seems to have a close relationship with variables of body composition such as visceral fat, bone mass, and muscle mass. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was related to a low percentage of fat; however, their consumption is proportionally related to high levels of body water. Studies to establish associations between body composition and food consumption should be carried out taking into account specific intakes in order to establish a more accurate association

Lactate: a biological marker of physical activity in colombian weightlifting athletes / Lactato: um marcador biológico da atividade física em atletas colombianos de halterofilismo / Lactato: un marcador biológico de la actividad física en atletas colombianos de halterofilia

ABSTRACT Introduction Blood biomarkers are measurable metabolic products that allow objective monitoring of the training process, and their analysis provides an opportunity to improve athletic performance. Objective To evaluate blood lactate concentrations in a group of the Valle League weightlifting athletes as a tool to determine the effects of training and its direct relationship to performance during competition. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. Lactate levels of 32 weightlifting athletes belonging to the Valle Weightlifting League were evaluated. Blood samples were taken from the ear lobe to quantify the lactate concentration, using a Scout Lactate analyzer. Samples were taken before and after a high intensity training section consisting of four maximum repetition (MR) sports gestures, in which 5 series and 15 repetitions were performed for each sports gesture, with a rest period of 40 seconds between each exercise. The software program SPSS, version 25, was used to determine the lactate concentrations. Results An average lactate concentration 22.46 mg/dL was obtained for the athletes at rest, and an average of 98.30 mg/dL in the final lactate concentration, after high intensity exercise. Significant differences were found between the initial and final lactate concentrations. Conclusion Lactate concentration increases with physical activity; it varies from one individual to another; and it can be used as a biomarker of intensity of physical activity in the field of sports. Level of evidence; II type of study: Prognostic Studies Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on a disease outcome.

RESUMO Introdução Os biomarcadores sanguíneos são produtos metabólicos mensuráveis que permitem a monitorização objetiva do processo de treino, e sua análise é uma oportunidade para melhorar o desempenho atlético. Objetivos Avaliar as concentrações de lactato no sangue de um grupo de atletas de halterofilismo da Liga Valle como ferramenta para determinar os efeitos do treino e sua relação direta com o desempenho durante a competição. Métodos Este é um estudo transversal e observacional. Foram avaliados os níveis de lactato em 32 atletas da Liga de Halterofilismo Valle. A amostra de sangue foi retirada do lóbulo da orelha com o intuito de quantificar a concentração de lactato com o analisador Scout Lactate. As amostras foram colhidas antes e depois de uma seção de treino de alta intensidade, que consistiu em quatro gestos esportivos de repetição máxima (RM), nos quais foram realizadas 5 séries e 15 repetições para cada gesto esportivo, com um período de repouso de 40 segundos entre cada exercício. O software SPSS, versão 25 foi usado para determinar as concentrações de lactato. Resultados A concentração média de lactato nos atletas em repouso foi 22,46 mg/dl e a concentração média final foi de 98,30 mg/dl depois de exercício de alta intensidade. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas ao comparar a concentração inicial com a concentração final de lactato. Conclusões A concentração de lactato aumenta com a realização da atividade física, é variável de um indivíduo para outro e pode ser usada como biomarcador de intensidade da atividade física na área dos esportes. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos prognósticos - Investigação do efeito de característica de um paciente sobre o desfecho da doença.

RESUMEN Introducción Los biomarcadores sanguíneos son productos metabólicos mensurables que permiten la monitorización objetiva del proceso de entrenamiento, y su análisis es una oportunidad para mejorar el desempeño atlético. Objetivos Evaluar las concentraciones de lactato en la sangre de un grupo de atletas de halterofilia de la Liga Valle como herramienta para determinar los efectos del entrenamiento y su relación directa con el desempeño durante la competición. Métodos Este es un estudio transversal y observacional. Fueron evaluados los niveles de lactato en 32 atletas de la Liga de Halterofilia Valle. La muestra de sangre fue retirada del lóbulo de la oreja con el objetivo de cuantificar la concentración de lactato con el analizador Scout Lactate. Las muestras fueron tomadas antes y después de una sección de entrenamiento de alta intensidad, que consistió en cuatro gestos deportivos de repetición máxima (RM), en los que se realizaron 5 series y 15 repeticiones para cada gesto deportivo, con un período de descanso de 40 segundos entre cada ejercicio. El software SPSS versión 25 fue usado para determinar las concentraciones de lactato. Resultados La concentración promedio de lactato en los atletas en reposo fue 22,46 mg/dl y la concentración promedio final fue de 98,30 mg/dl después del ejercicio de alta intensidad. Fueron encontradas diferencias significativas al comparar la concentración inicial con la concentración final de lactato. Conclusiones La concentración de lactato aumenta con la realización de actividad física, es variable de un individuo para otro, y puede ser usada como biomarcador de intensidad de la actividad física en el área de los deportes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios pronósticos - Investigación del efecto de característica de un paciente sobre el resultado de la enfermedad

Highly efficient removal of aluminum, iron, and manganese ions using Linde type-A zeolite obtained from hazardous waste.

Coal acid mine drainage (AMD) contaminates natural water to form mine-impacted water (MIW), which is characterized by high levels of acidity, sulfate, and metallic ions. This study investigates the use of a Linde Type-A (LTA) zeolite obtained from a hazardous industrial waste for Al3+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ removal from synthetic aqueous solutions. The aim of this study is to stablish a basis for the subsequent treatment of MIW in order to obtain reuse water. In a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) study, 8.25 g L-1 zeolite and 147 rpm were the optimal conditions for treating the multicomponent solution, yielding 99.9, 99.9 and 99.3% removal for Al3+, Fe2+, and Mn2+, respectively. Isothermal studies showed that the affinity of the ions by the zeolite were ranked as Al3+>Mn2+>Fe2+. The best fitting isothermal models for monocomponent solutions were Tóth, Freundlich, and Sips for Al3+, Fe2+, and Mn2+, respectively. In the multicomponent solution, Sips and Freundlich were the better fitting models for Al3+ and Mn2+, respectively, indicating a weakness of the sorbate-sorbent interactions. Kinetic studies revealed that the quantitative removal of Al3+ was achieved in 5 min. The multicomponent solution was transformed into water that was suitable for non-potable use after an optimal time of 60 min. The results demonstrate that LTA zeolite synthetized from hazardous waste has a high potential for remediating contaminated water by metallic ions at low dosages and short times. Using LTA zeolite for remediating contaminated water could make a positive contribution to the circular economy and environmental sustainability.

[Relationship between pattern of food consumption and body composition in university students: a cross-sectional study]. / Relación entre el patrón de consumo de alimentos y la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios: estudio transversal.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: young university students face a social dynamics that has generated complex lifestyles and, especially, an imbalance in the intake of macro and micronutrients, characterized by having a high caloric density intake, which results in significant excess of weight. It is unknown if these consumption patterns are related to body composition. This research aimed to determine the relationship between pattern of food consumption and body composition in university students. Method: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 189 students. Sociodemographic variables obtained by a survey, body composition variables obtained by bioimpedance, and food groups and their categories obtained via a 24-hour reminder method were included. A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to explain body composition according to consumption of food groups. Results: statistically significant associations were obtained between food consumption and body composition for visceral fat and consumption of eggs, meats, sausages and grains (p = 0.024), and consumption of sugars with bone mass (p = 0.029) and muscle mass (p = 0.013). The multiple regression model showed that sugar consumption increases the risk of having visceral fat (OR = 2.71), and increases the probability of being classified as an obese person (OR = 2.55). Consumption of eggs, meats, sausages, and grains favors an acceptable percentage of visceral fat (OR = 0.14). The consumption of fruits and vegetables increases the risk of having a high percentage of water (OR = 5.41), and low fat percentage (OR = 3.60). Conclusions: the consumption of sugars seems to have a close relationship with variables of body composition such as visceral fat, bone mass, and muscle mass. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was related to a low percentage of fat; however, their consumption is proportionally related to high levels of body water. Studies to establish associations between body composition and food consumption should be carried out taking into account specific intakes in order to establish a more accurate association.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: los jóvenes universitarios enfrentan diversas situaciones sociales que generan cambios en los estilos de vida. Estos están asociados a desequilibrios en la ingesta dietética, caracterizada por una gran densidad calórica, lo que produce sobrepeso. Al mismo tiempo, se conoce la relación entre los patrones de consumo y la composición corporal, pero existe un vacío en la población universitaria colombiana. Así pues, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación del patrón de consumo de alimentos con la composición corporal en universitarios. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal con una muestra de 189 estudiantes. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas obtenidas por encuesta, variables de composición corporal derivadas de la bioimpedancia, y los grupos de alimentos y sus categorías por el método del recordatorio de 24 horas. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logística multinomial para explicar la composición corporal de acuerdo con el consumo de los grupos de alimentos. Resultados: se obtuvieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el consumo de alimentos y la composición corporal para la grasa visceral y el consumo de huevos, carnes, embutidos y granos (p = 0,024), y para el consumo de azúcares con respecto a la masa ósea (p = 0,029) y la masa muscular (p = 0,013). El modelo de regresión múltiple mostró que el consumo de azúcar incrementa la probabilidad de tener grasa visceral (OR = 2,71) y la probabilidad de clasificar a una persona como obesa (OR = 2,55). El consumo de huevos, carnes, embutidos y granos favorece la clasificación de la grasa visceral como aceptable (OR = 0,14). El consumo de frutas y verduras incrementa la probabilidad de presentar un alto porcentaje de agua (OR = 5,41) y la clasificación del porcentaje de grasa como bajo (OR = 3,60). Conclusiones: el consumo de frutas y verduras se corresponde con un porcentaje bajo de grasa; no obstante, su ingesta se vincula proporcionalmente con altos niveles de agua corporal. Se deben realizar estudios que establezcan asociaciones entre la composición corporal y el consumo de alimentos, teniendo en cuenta la ingesta específica que pueda establecer una correlación con mayor precisión.

Genetic Transformation in Peach (Prunus persica L.): Challenges and Ways Forward.

Almost 30 years have passed since the first publication reporting regeneration of transformed peach plants. Nevertheless, the general applicability of genetic transformation of this species has not yet been established. Many strategies have been tested in order to obtain an efficient peach transformation system. Despite the amount of time and the efforts invested, the lack of success has significantly limited the utility of peach as a model genetic system for trees, despite its relatively short generation time; small, high-quality genome; and well-studied genetic resources. Additionally, the absence of efficient genetic transformation protocols precludes the application of many biotechnological tools in peach breeding programs. In this review, we provide an overview of research on regeneration and genetic transformation in this species and summarize novel strategies and procedures aimed at producing transgenic peaches. Promising future approaches to develop a robust peach transformation system are discussed, focusing on the main bottlenecks to success including the low efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation, the low level of correspondence between cells competent for transformation and those that have regenerative competence, and the high rate of chimerism in the few shoots that are produced following transformation.

Determinants of Burden and Satisfaction in Informal Caregivers: Two Sides of the Same Coin? The CUIDAR-SE Study.

The aim of this study conducted in Spain was to analyze and compare burden, severe burden, and satisfaction among informal caregivers in relation to health-related quality of life (HRQoL), type and duration of caregiving, perceived social support, and use of social and health care services. We performed multivariate analyses to identify variables associated with caregiver burden, severe burden, and satisfaction with caregiving, stratified by gender. The results showed that secondary or third-level education, performance of ungratifying tasks, negative coping with caregiving, and more years providing care were associated with greater burden. Variables with protective effect were better perceived health of the person being cared for, better caregiver HRQoL, and high perceived social support. Women were 75% more likely to experience severe burden compared with male caregivers. Burden was reduced by high perceived social support in the case of women and by high caregiver HRQoL in the case of men. The main determinant of caregiving satisfaction for both men and women was perceived social support (OR = 3.11 and OR = 6.64). This study shows the need for interventions that promote gender equality and social support as a means of relieving burden and severe burden and improving satisfaction in both male and female caregivers.

[Gender inequalities in the impacts of informal elderly caregiving in Gipuzkoa: CUIDAR-SE study]. / Desigualdades de género en los impactos del cuidado informal de mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa: Estudio CUIDAR-SE.

OBJECTIVE: The provision of informal care determines the existence of health inequalities, as well as gender inequalities, because of women being the most frequent caregivers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the informal caregivers of elderly dependents in Gipuzkoa, to know the impact of caring on health and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and to explain the relationship between sex and consequences attributable to care. METHODS: Cross-sectional study analyzing health (self-perceived health and GHQ-12) and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) data of 123 women and 103 men who took care of a dependent elderly and participated in the first wave of the CUIDAR-SE study in Gipuzkoa. A descriptive study was performed, and a logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between sex and the consequences attributable to care. RESULTS: Women and men were over 60 years old, married, with primary education or less, and took care of their parents mainly. Women presented worse perceived health (46.3% vs 32.0%) and mental health (23.3% vs 13.9%), and more problems in the dimensions of anxiety/depression (35.0% vs 21.4%) and pain/discomfort (52.8% vs 31.1%) of EQ-5D-5L.The regression model showed greater risk of fatigue (OR = 2.83; 95% CI:1.53-5.24) and burden (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06-3.29) among women than among men. CONCLUSIONS: There are gender inequalities in the provision of informal care to dependent elderly people in Gipuzkoa, with women having a greater impact on their health and HRQoL than men. Considering the organization of care in this province, it will be necessary to design improvement actions more suited to the needs of caregivers.

OBJETIVO: La prestación de cuidados informales determina la existencia de desigualdades en salud, a las cuales se suman las desigualdades de género por el papel mayoritario de las mujeres en dicha prestación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar a la población cuidadora informal de mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, conocer los impactos de cuidar sobre la salud y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), y explicar la relación entre el sexo y las consecuencias atribuibles al cuidado. METODOS: Estudio transversal en el que se analizaron datos de salud (salud percibida y GHQ-12) y CVRS (EQ-5D-5L) de 123 mujeres y 103 hombres cuidadores de mayores dependientes que participaron en la primera oleada del estudio CUIDAR-SE en Gipuzkoa. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, y un análisis de regresión logística para examinar la asociación entre el sexo y las consecuencias del cuidado. RESULTADOS: Mujeres y hombres tenían más de 60 años, estaban casadas/os, tenían educación primaria o inferior, y cuidaban a sus progenitores fundamentalmente. Las mujeres presentaban peor salud percibida (46,3% vs 32,0%) y mental (23,3% vs 13,9%), y más problemas en las dimensiones de ansiedad/depresión (35,0% vs 21,4%) y dolor/malestar (52,8% vs 31,1%) de laEQ-5D-5L. El modelo de regresión mostró mayor riesgo de cansancio (OR=2,83; IC95%:1,53-5,24) y sobrecarga (OR=1,87; IC95%:1,06-3,29) en mujeres que en hombres. CONCLUSIONES: Existen desigualdades de género en la provisión de cuidados informales a mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, mostrando las mujeres un mayor impacto en su salud y CVRS que los hombres. Considerando la organización del cuidado en esta provincia, será necesario el diseño de acciones de mejora más adecuadas a las necesidades de las personas cuidadoras.

Desigualdades de género en los impactos del cuidado informal de mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa: Estudio CUIDAR-SE / Gender inequalities in the impacts of informal elderly caregiving in Gipuzkoa: CUIDAR-SE study

OBJETIVO: La prestación de cuidados informales determina la existencia de desigualdades en salud, a las cuales se suman las desigualdades de género por el papel mayoritario de las mujeres en dicha prestación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar a la población cuidadora informal de mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, conocer los impactos de cuidar sobre la salud y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), y explicar la relación entre el sexo y las consecuencias atribuibles al cuidado. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en el que se analizaron datos de salud (salud percibida y GHQ-12) y CVRS (EQ-5D-5L) de 123 mujeres y 103 hombres cuidadores de mayores dependientes que participaron en la primera oleada del estudio CUIDAR-SE en Gipuzkoa. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, y un análisis de regresión logística para examinar la asociación entre el sexo y las consecuencias del cuidado. RESULTADOS: Mujeres y hombres tenían más de 60 años, estaban casadas/os, tenían educación primaria o inferior, y cuidaban a sus progenitores fundamentalmente. Las mujeres presentaban peor salud percibida (46,3% vs 32,0%) y mental (23,3% vs 13,9%), y más problemas en las dimensiones de ansiedad/depresión (35,0% vs 21,4%) y dolor/malestar (52,8% vs 31,1%) de laEQ-5D-5L. El modelo de regresión mostró mayor riesgo de cansancio (OR=2,83; IC95%:1,53-5,24) y sobrecarga (OR=1,87; IC95%:1,06-3,29) en mujeres que en hombres. CONCLUSIONES: Existen desigualdades de género en la provisión de cuidados informales a mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, mostrando las mujeres un mayor impacto en su salud y CVRS que los hombres. Considerando la organización del cuidado en esta provincia, será necesario el diseño de acciones de mejora más adecuadas a las necesidades de las personas cuidadoras

OBJECTIVE: The provision of informal care determines the existence of health inequalities, as well as gender inequalities, because of women being the most frequent caregivers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the informal caregivers of elderly dependents in Gipuzkoa, to know the impact of caring on health and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and to explain the relationship between sex and consequences attributable to care. METHODS: Cross-sectional study analyzing health (self-perceived health and GHQ-12) and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) data of 123 women and 103 men who took care of a dependent elderly and participated in the first wave of the CUIDAR-SE study in Gipuzkoa. A descriptive study was performed, and a logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between sex and the consequences attributable to care. RESULTS: Women and men were over 60 years old, married, with primary education or less, and took care of their parents mainly. Women presented worse perceived health (46.3% vs 32.0%) and mental health (23.3% vs 13.9%), and more problems in the dimensions of anxiety/depression (35.0% vs 21.4%) and pain/discomfort (52.8% vs 31.1%) of EQ-5D-5L.The regression model showed greater risk of fatigue (OR = 2.83; 95% CI:1.53-5.24) and burden (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06-3.29) among women than among men. CONCLUSIONS: There are gender inequalities in the provision of informal care to dependent elderly people in Gipuzkoa, with women having a greater impact on their health and HRQoL than men. Considering the organization of care in this province, it will be necessary to design improvement actions more suited to the needs of caregivers

Health-related quality of life in Spanish informal caregivers: gender differences and support received.

PURPOSE: We analyzed gender differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors between informal male and female caregivers in Spain. It is important because of growing rates of dependent people and dwindling public resources. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 610 informal caregivers (265 male and 345 female) using an ad hoc structured questionnaire. We performed a descriptive analysis and used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the risk of poor HRQoL, measured with the EQ-5D-5L, according to caregiver sex, sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers and dependents, caregiving circumstances, and support received. RESULTS: Male caregivers were older than women were, and cared more often for their partners. More women used family caregiving allowance (FCA), respite care services, and counseling services, while more men used paid help, home help, and other forms of instrumental help. Women had worse HRQoL than men, particularly in the pain/discomfort dimension. In addition to older age and poor previous health, caring for a partner (OR = 2.379), for a person with major dependence (OR = 1.917), low social class (OR = 1.634), and low social support (OR = 2.311) were factors associated with poor HRQoL. Receiving FCA was associated with better HRQoL (OR = 0.319). Controlling for all these variables, women had 131% more odds than men to have poor HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: Male and female caregivers in Spain differ in received support and how their HRQoL is affected. These differences are important to design interventions to promote more equitable sharing of care responsibilities and better caregiver health.