Late ophthalmologic manifestations of monkeypox in a Latin American immunosuppressed patient.

BACKGROUND: The re-emergence of Monkeypox (MPX) and its related ophthalmic disease represent a clinical challenge in the initial stages because of the presence of lesions like those caused by varicella zoster, syphilis, and other infections due to other poxviruses. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and secondary immunodepression raise the risk of severe and prolonged disease. PURPOSE: We present the case of a young immunosuppressed male patient with MPX, who presented with multiple skin lesions, also including risky ophthalmological manifestations due to extensive eyelid involvement. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a novel form of late-onset conjunctivitis and eyelid lesions, without active extraocular disease, highlighting the heterogeneous behavior of the new clinical form of MPX, that exhibits a wide spectrum of lesions in different stages of evolution.

Etiology of Macular Edema Defined by Deep Learning in Optical Coherence Tomography Scans.

Purpose: To develop an automated method based on deep learning (DL) to classify macular edema (ME) from the evaluation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. Methods: A total of 4230 images were obtained from data repositories of patients attended in an ophthalmology clinic in Colombia and two free open-access databases. They were annotated with four biomarkers (BMs) as intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, hyperreflective foci/tissue, and drusen. Then the scans were labeled as control or ocular disease among diabetic macular edema (DME), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) by two expert ophthalmologists. Our method was developed by following four consecutive phases: segmentation of BMs, the combination of BMs, feature extraction with convolutional neural networks to achieve binary classification for each disease, and, finally, multiclass classification of diseases and control images. Results: The accuracy of our model for nAMD was 97%, and for DME, RVO, and control were 94%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. Area under curve values were 0.99, 0.98, 0.96, and 0.97, respectively. The mean Cohen's kappa coefficient for the multiclass classification task was 0.84. Conclusions: The proposed DL model may identify OCT scans as normal and ME. In addition, it may classify its cause among three major exudative retinal diseases with high accuracy and reliability. Translational Relevance: Our DL approach can optimize the efficiency and timeliness of appropriate etiological diagnosis of ME, thus improving patient access and clinical decision making. It could be useful in places with a shortage of specialists and for readers that evaluate OCT scans remotely.