ABSTRACT
Down's syndrome children shown multiple alterations, among them marked general hypotonic. While this produces some basic difficulties, at the orofacial level it generates a characteristic expression marked by open mouth, hypotonic tongue that rests upon the lower lip, and great salivation. To ameliorate this, an orofacial regulation therapy was initiated, to stimulate this musculature, strengthen it and mold it during development. Objective: To observe the effect of stimulating palate plates, and orofacial exercises in the function and tonicity of children with Down's syndrome. Patients and Methods: Five children, 10 to 21 months old, with Down's syndrome, were treated through orofacial regulation for 20 to 30 minutes, 4 times a day for 2 months (palate plates and orofacial stimulation exercises). Pre and post treatment evaluations were made and a photographic and video evaluation was registered weekly. Results and Conclusions: Therapy decreased lingual protrusion and increased mouth closure. This is not thought as real tonicity change since that statement would require a long term and wider area study to determine effectiveness and applicability.
Introducción: Se sabe que los pacientes con Síndrome de Down presentan múltiples alteraciones, entre ellas marcada hipotonía general lo que dificulta las funciones básicas y a nivel orofacial genera una expresión característica de boca abierta, lengua hipotónica descansando sobre el labio inferior y gran salivación. En respuesta a esto se creó la terapia de regulación orofacial que estimula la musculatura orofacial, para fortalecerla y modelarla durante el desarrollo. Objetivo: Observar los efectos de las placas palatinas estimulantes y de los ejercicios orofaciales, en la función y tonicidad de la musculatura orofacial de niños con Síndrome de Down. Pacientes y Métodos: seleccionamos 5 niños con síndrome de Down, entre 10 y 21 meses de edad, se les aplicó la terapia de regulación orofacial durante 2 meses con uso de 20 a 30 min por 4 veces al día (placas palatinas estimulantes y ejercicios de estimulación orofacial). Se realizaron evaluaciones pre y post tratamiento, y controles semanales con registro fotográfico y video. Resultados y Conclusiones: La terapia aumentó el cierre bucal y disminuyó la protrusión lingual. Sin embargo, no se observaron cambios "reales" en la tonicidad muscular, ya que su evaluación requiere estudios a largo plazo y de un universo mayor, para determinar la efectividad de la técnica y masificar su aplicación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Mouth Diseases/physiopathology , Mouth Diseases/therapy , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Orthodontic Appliances, Functional , Down Syndrome/therapy , Physical Stimulation/instrumentation , Muscle Hypotonia/etiology , Muscle Hypotonia/therapy , Tongue/physiopathology , Physical Therapy Modalities/instrumentation , Orthodontics, Corrective , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome , Videotape RecordingABSTRACT
The case of an AIDS patient who developed pleuritis and peritonitis in the course of relapsing visceral leishmaniasis is reported. Visceral leishmaniasis, considered an opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who live in endemic areas, has a chronic relapsing course. Typical manifestations such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, or pancytopenia are not specific in advanced HIV infection. Atypical clinical presentations are becoming more frequent. This is believed to be the first report of peritoneal involvement by Leishmania in an AIDS patient.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Leishmania donovani , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Adult , Animals , Humans , Male , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Peritonitis/parasitology , Pleurisy/diagnosis , Pleurisy/parasitology , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Although zidovudine (ZDV) is effective in HIV-1-infected patients, the duration of its efficacy may be short when treatment is started in advanced HIV disease. This pilot prospective case-control study was designed to evaluate the combination of ZDV plus didanosine [ddI] compared with ZDV monotherapy as an initial therapeutic strategy. 'Control' patients (ZDV monotherapy) were matched with 'case' patients (ZDV plus ddI combination therapy) according to the presence or absence of AIDS-defining criteria at entry and CD4 cell count. The case patient group consisted of 35 consecutive HIV-1-infected individuals with < or = 300 CD4 cells/mm3, no previous experience of antiretroviral therapy and who accepted treatment with a combination of ZDV plus ddI. The control patient group consisted of 35 consecutive patients with similar characteristics, but who preferred to start treatment with ZDV alone. Control patients received 250 mg ZDV bid and case patients received ZDV at the same dose plus ddI (200 mg bid). Primary study endpoints were virological (serum HIV-1 RNA) and immunological (CD4 cell count) responses. Viral phenotype (syncytium-inducing (SI) or non-syncytium-inducing (NSI)), development of mutations at codons 215, 41 and 74 and clinical progression (new AIDS-defining event or death) were also assessed. Virological and CD4 cell count responses were significantly greater and more sustained in the group treated with ZDV plus ddI than in the control group, with peak responses of -1.2 +/- 0.7 log10 versus -0.3 +/- 0.4 log10 at 1 month (P = 0.0003) and 61 +/- 52 cells/mm3 versus 19 +/- 25 cells/mm3 at 2 months (P = 0.001), respectively. In both groups the percentage of patients developing a mutation at codon 215 was around 80 per cent at 12 months. A mutation at codon 74 was detected in 30 per cent of case patients at 12 months. Five case patients (14 per cent) versus 12 control patients (34 per cent) showed signs of clinical progression (P = 0.09). In a multivariate model, clinical progression was significantly associated with a baseline