Mola hidatiforme completa en mujer premenopáusica. Caso clínico / Complete hydatidiform mole in a perimenopausal woman. Clinical case

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La mola hidatiforme se divide en completa y parcial. La primera se origina en la fecundación de un óvulo anucleado por dos espermatozoides con carga genética independiente y la manifestación clínica predominante son las hemorragias. El tamaño uterino suele ser mayor al normal, con síntomas subjetivos del embarazo. La importancia de este tipo de tumoración es su carácter premaligno que puede evolucionar hasta convertirse en una neoplasia trofoblástica, de tal manera que en la mola completa se transformará en neoplasia. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 43 años que acudió a consulta debido a la caída de su plano de sustentación 3 días antes, con dolor pélvico en el hipogastrio, tipo cólico de intensidad moderada, sin sangrado transvaginal. Refirió estar embarazada, sin recordar la fecha de la última menstruación; sin control prenatal ni ultrasonido previo. A la exploración física el abdomen se encontró globoso, a expensas de útero hipertrófico de 16 x 12 x 10 cm, concentraciones de HGCß mayores de 150,000 mUI/mL. El ultrasonido endovaginal y pélvico reportaron: útero en anteversoflexión, central, aumentado de tamaño por imagen ecográfica en copos de nieve. Diagnóstico: mola hidatiforme. Se indicó la histerectomía abdominal, con hallazgos de útero aumentado de tamaño a expensas de mola completa y anexos sin alteraciones. CONCLUSIÓN: El diagnóstico de la paciente fue fortuito, advertido en el ultrasonido. La conducta terapéutica establecida para este tipo de casos en pacientes mayores con paridad satisfecha permitió que la evolución fuera satisfactoria y continuar en seguimiento.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hydatidiform mole is divided into complete and partial. The former originates from fertilization of an anucleate ovum by two spermatozoa with independent genetic load and the predominant clinical manifestation is hemorrhage. The uterine size is usually larger than normal, with subjective symptoms of pregnancy. The importance of this type of tumor is its premalignant character that can evolve into a trophoblastic neoplasm, so that in the complete mole it will transform into a neoplasm. CLINICAL CASE: 43-year-old patient who came for consultation due to the fall of her support plane 3 days earlier, with pelvic pain in the hypogastrium, cramping of moderate intensity, without transvaginal bleeding. She reported being pregnant, without remembering the date of her last menstrual period; no prenatal check-up or previous ultrasound. On physical examination the abdomen was found to be globose, at the expense of a hypertrophic uterus measuring 16 x 12 x 10 cm, HGCß concentrations greater than 150,000 mIU/mL. Endovaginal and pelvic ultrasound reported: anteverted, central, enlarged uterus with snowflake-shaped ultrasound image. Diagnosis: hydatidiform mole. Abdominal hysterectomy was indicated, with findings of an enlarged uterus at the expense of complete mole and unaltered adnexa. CONCLUSION: The patient's diagnosis was fortuitous, noticed on ultrasound. The therapeutic approach established for this type of case in older patients with satisfactory parity allowed for a satisfactory evolution and continued follow-up.

Corioangioma en paciente multípara. Caso clínico / Chorioangioma in multiparous aged. Clinical case

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El corioangioma es un tumor vascular de origen placentario perteneciente al grupo de los hemangiomas vasculares. Es el tumor placentario primario no trofoblástico más frecuente de origen vascular. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 37 años con antecedentes de: menarquia a los 12 años, inicio de la vida sexual activa a los 13 años, tres embarazos y dos partos. Del embarazo actual solo había tenido dos consultas prenatales. El ultrasonido reportó 35 semanas de embarazo con feto de 2250 g. La paciente tuvo dolor de origen obstétrico y trabajo de parto en fase latente. El parto fue eutócico, sin complicaciones. Se observó una tumoración placentaria. CONCLUSIONES: La valoración placentaria mediante ultrasonido-Doppler de control es importante para detectar tumoraciones y evitar que, cuando son pequeñas, pasen inadvertidas, como los corioangiomas.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chorioangioma is a vascular tumor of placental origin belonging to the group of vascular hemangiomas. It is the most frequent non-trophoblastic primary placental tumor of vascular origin. CLINICAL CASE: 37-year-old patient with a history of: menarche at 12 years of age, beginning of active sexual life at 13 years of age, three pregnancies and two deliveries. She had only had two prenatal visits for the current pregnancy. The ultrasound reported 35 weeks of pregnancy with a 2250 g fetus. The patient had pain of obstetric origin and labor in the latent phase. The delivery was euthecological, without complications. A placental tumor was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Placental assessment by control ultrasound-Doppler is important to detect tumors and to avoid that, when they are small, they go unnoticed, such as chorangiomas.

[Synchronous acute cholecystolithiasis and perforated acute appendicitis. Case report]. / Colecistitis litiásica crónica agudizada y apendicitis aguda perforada sincrónicas. Reporte de caso.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis are among the most common diagnoses that general surgeons operate on. However, it is rarely described in its synchronous form. CLINICAL CASE: A 43 year-old woman attending the clinic for right upper quadrant pain of 11 days duration. The patient refers to intermittent radiating pain in the right side, with positive Murphy, tachycardia, and fever. The laboratory results showed white cells 16,200/mm(3), glucose 345 mg/dl, abnormal liver function tests. Acute cholecystitis was reported with ultrasound. A Masson-type incision was made, noting an enlarged pyogenic gallbladder with thickened walls, sub-hepatic abscess of approximately 300 ml, greenish-yellow colour, and foetid. An anterograde subtotal cholecystectomy is performed due to difficulty in identifying elements of Calot triangle due to the inflammatory process, opening it and extracting stones. The right iliac fossa is reviewed, finding a plastron and a sub-serous retrocaecal appendix perforated in its middle third with free fecalith and an abscess in the pelvic cavity. An anterograde appendectomy was performed and the patient progressed satisfactorily, later being discharged due to improvement. DISCUSSION: In this patient, with a history of recurrent episodes of gallbladder pain and disseminated acute abdominal pain without peritoneal irritation, clinical suspicion was exacerbated cholecystitis with probable empyema of the gallbladder. Open surgery approach for this patient allowed access to both the appendix and gallbladder in order to perform a complete exploration of the abdominal cavity. CONCLUSION: The synchronous presentation of cholecystolithiasis and complicated appendicitis has not been reported in the literature.

[General surgery in a rural hospital in the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico]. / Procedimientos quirúrgicos generales en un hospital integral en Quintana Roo.

BACKGROUND: The general surgeon maintains extraordinary validity worldwide, especially in countries like the United States, Canada, India, and continents such as Australia and Africa. In addition to their role as a general surgeon, they assist with surgical pathologies in rural areas where there is generally a lack of technology to carry out complicated procedures. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine the number and type of surgical procedures carried out in a rural hospital with three general surgeons, as well as to determine morbidity and respective mortality. METHODS: The study was retrospective and longitudinal, using descriptive statistics during a 5.5-year period. RESULTS: During the period of June 1999 to December 2004, a total of 651 (100%) surgical procedures were carried out. There were 351 males (53%) and 300 females (47%) with average age of 28.5 +/- 16.0 years. There were 408 (63%) minor surgical procedures accomplished in the operating room: 150 (45%) for females with average age of 25.8 +/- 13.8 years old and 258 (55%) for males with average age of 27.7 +/- 15.5 years old. There were 243 major surgical procedures (37%): for females there were 150 (60%) with average age of 28.4 +/- 11.8 years old and for males there were 93 (40%) with average age of 29.5 +/- 16.6 years old [morbidity, six cases (0.9%) and mortality, two cases (0.3%)]. CONCLUSIONS: The demand for surgery in rural areas is not different from the surgery carried out in large cities, although there are limitations. It is important in this regard to adequately prepare the general surgeon in Mexico.

[Bull horn wounds. A 1 year experience at the O'Horán General Hospital Mérida, Yucatán, México]. / Heridas por asta de toro. Experiencia de un año en el Hospital General O'Horán. Mérida, Yucatán.

INTRODUCTION: Taurine medicine has been able to open the way to the advance of science and to the adaptation of science to the patient with a bull horn wound so that at present, 95% of patients now survive gorings that were fatal in earlier times. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study, utilizing clinical files from the O'Horán General Hospital in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico during January 1999 through November 2000 as a data-base. RESULTS: Fifteen patients, all male, were treated for 26 bull horn goring wounds. The most frequently injuried patients ranged in age from 14-30 years. All patients were received at the Trauma Unit within 12 h of goring; gorings most frequently occurred in the town of Oxtcutzab, with from patients. Eight patients of is were bullfighters, all with different professions outside the bullfighting season; there were six spontaneous gorings, and the remaining patient was a cowboy wounded during work. Wounds of eight patients were closed, seven received open treatment. From time of admittance, all patients were administered a triple antibiotic schema, in addition to anti-tetanic gamma globulin and tetanic toxoid. DISCUSSION: We carried out comparisons with our patient bull horn goring treatments and those published in the Surgical Round, Spanish Surgery, and the Mexican Journal of Orthopedics and Traumatology; our results were similian to those found in the international literature.

Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica en el Hospital Juárez de México: revisión de tres años (1997-1999) / ERCP at Hospital Juárez de México: a three year review (1997-1999)

Objetivo: Conocer las diferentes indicaciones, procedimientos y complicaciones de las CPE realizadas en la Unidad de Endoscopia del HJM, SSA en un período de tres años (1997-1999). Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y transversal, revisando los expedientes e informes de la Unidad de Endoscopia. Resultados: se realizaron 401 CPE en 347 pacientes; 110 diagnósticos y 291 terapéuticos; por género, 268 estudios en femeninos y 133 en masculinos; el promedio fue de 46.6 años en ambos sexos rango 6 a 94 años); en masculinos 49.9 (rango 6-88) y en femeninos 45.0 (rango 10-94 años). Las principales indicaciones fueron: coledocolitiasis residual 93, coledocolitiasis 79, síndrome ictérico obstructivo 78 casos. Los principales procedimientos fueron: esfinterotomía 270, CPE diagnósticos 110, endoprótesis biliares nueve y precortes seis. Estudios diferidos 54. Los resultados principales fueron: neoplasias 92 (22.8 por ciento), probable disfunción del esfínter de Oddi 59 (16.5 por ciento), extracción de litos residuales 47 (11 por ciento). El servicio que solicitó más estudios fue cirugía general (258). La sustancia para sedación más utilizada fue midazolam. El medio de contraste más utilizado fue telebrix 149 casos. Complicaciones: De los pacientes sometidos a CPE 5 por ciento presentaron dolor abdominal e hiperamilasemia sin progresar a pancreatitis aguda y hemorragia en 1.9 por ciento. Conclusiones: La indicación de la CPE más frecuente en nuestro hospital fue la ictericia obstructiva debido a coledocolitiasis residual y neoplasias.