ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated how experienced and inexperienced subjects handle a box when it could be approached from any of its sides. Subjects moved a box (11 kg) either to a high (HS) or a low surface (LS). Wrist movements and grip force were synchronised and recorded, respectively, by electrogoniometers and an instrumented box. All subjects adopted a lateral-and-bottom grip, with parts of the hands simultaneously placed on the side and bottom of the box. This grip allowed the 50th percentile of wrist movements to be within safe limits, particularly in the sagittal plane. Low force was associated with lowering the box to LS and equally distributed but greater force when lifting to HS. Larger ulnar deviation was recorded when the box was lifted to HS. Only peak of wrist extension differentiated experienced from inexperienced subjects, with experienced presenting larger wrist extension. Alternative box designs are suggested to improve handling in real settings. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Understanding worker preferences for box lifting behaviour can contribute to the development of new designs that facilitate the adoption of more efficient postures while reducing the risk of upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders and promoting safer manual material handling.
Subject(s)
Hand Strength/physiology , Hand/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Wrist Joint , Analysis of Variance , Ergonomics , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
O tipo de tarefa realizada determina o tipo de preensao utilizada a firca aplicada, bem como as posturas adotadas para sua execucao. Diferentes posturas e preensoes envolvidas nessas tarefas apresentam maiores ou menores riscos de lesoes musculoesqueleticas. Objetivo: descrever os tipos de preensao empregados durante atividades de manuseio de cargas de 5 e 10kg entre superficies de alturas diferentes e, quantificar os movimentos de flexo/extensao, devio radial e ulnar do punho registrados por meio da eletrogonometria. Metodo: 10 voluntarios masculinos manusearam caixa entre superficies de alturas diferentes. Os tipos de preensao utilizados foram filmados. diferentes categorias de preensao utilizadas durante essa tarefa foram identificadas. As amplitudes de movimentos e a porcentagem de tempo gasto dentro e fora das faixa de amplitudes pre-estabelecidas (15o. de flexao e extensao, 10o. de dsevio radial, e 15o. desvio ulnar)0rosp foram determinadas. Uma analise de univariancia foi utilizada para avliar diferencas significativas entre a antropometria das maos dos voluntarios, e entre os movimentos utilizados para o manuseio de cargas e alturas diferentes. Resultados e conclusoes: os resultados mostraram que as alturas das superficies para as quais os objetos eram manuseados influenciaram significativamente (p=0,000) as amplitudes articulares, contudo nao houve diferenca nos movimentos para as diferentes massas das cargas manuseadas (p=0,43). tempo acima do considerado recomendavel foi gasto em desvio radial quando os manuseios envolviam superficies altas. Recomendacoes sobre local adequado para o acondicionamento de material a ser manuseado deveriam constar nos programas de treinamento visando a prevencao de lesoes musculoesqueleticas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Upper Extremity , Wrist InjuriesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi projetar e desenvolver umdispositivo para mensurar a forca transferida ao tronco durante manuseios simulados. Uma caixa de aco foi construida para armazenar uma celula de carga da marca Kratos, modelo CDB,calibrada para compressao de ate 30kgf, e estafoi concreta a um indicador de leituraKratos, modelo DDK, o qual registrava os valores maximos(Kgf) exercitos sobre a celula. O dispositivo foi calibrado em tres posicoes. A calibragem foi necessaria para compreencao das forcas registradas pela celula de carga, devido aos angulos de inclinacao da caixa. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e a seguir aplicou-se uma analise de regressao multipla para testar a linearidade dos resultados da calibragem. Os resultados mostraram um aumento linear da forca em funcao dos angulos de inclinacao da caixa, confirmada pela analise de regressao, isto tanto para a inclinacao horaria quanto para a inclinacao anti-horaria, respectivamente,r= 0,993 e r= 0,997. conclui-se entao que diferentes niveis de inclinacao da caixa ocasionaram variacoes bastante pequenas, podendo ser previsiveis. Portanto,o equipamento pode ser considerado adequado para estudos que mensurem especificamente apoiosno tronco decorrentes de tarefas simuladas de manuseio
Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Physical Therapy Specialty , SpineABSTRACT
After having described the surgical anatomy of the lumbar region, with particular regard to the relationships with pleura and peritoneum, as well as to the course of the nervous structures of the region (12th intercostal, ileohypogastric and ileoinguinal), the authors describe the possible complications related with the surgical approaches to the lumbar region. Pathogenesis of post-operatory pains and parietal hypotonies is especially evaluated; these complications may be caused by section, ligature or compression of one or more nervous trunks. The authors conclude that the respect of the anatomic structures located in the lumbar region represents the best way in order to prevent most complications related to lumbotomies.
Subject(s)
Lumbosacral Region/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Humans , Lumbosacral Plexus/anatomy & histology , Lumbosacral Plexus/surgery , Lumbosacral Region/anatomy & histology , Methods , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Muscles/surgery , Postoperative Complications/prevention & controlABSTRACT
This is a study of quantitative glomerular morphology in 14 normal and 6 long-term diabetic female baboons between 3 and 25 years of age. In the normal female baboon, peripheral glomerular capillary basement membrane thickness increased until around 10 years of age, reached a plateau between 10 and 20 years of age, and possibly decreased at 25 years of age. Mean value for young (3 to 7 years of age) and older (10 to 25 years of age) controls were 266 nm and 329 nm respectively. Fractional volumes of mesangial matrix (8.9%) and mesangial cells (6.8%) were not affected by age. Glomerular basement membrane thickness and the volume of mesangial matrix increased progressively in female baboons with poorly controlled pancreatectomy-induced diabetes, while the volume of mesangial cells remained unchanged. After 106 to 145 months of diabetes, glomerular basement membrane thickness and the volume of mesangial matrix were 558 nm and 18.7% respectively. These values were significantly greater than those of the age-matched controlled (p = less than 0.05). By light and electron microscopy, the normal baboon glomerular morphology, morphometric measurements and changes with age were similar to those in man. The renal changes in diabetic baboons were also similar in morphology and rate of development to those of mild to moderate diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis in humans, indicating that the baboon is an ideal model for the long-term study of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The presence of considerable interanimal variability in the degree of glomerulosclerosis attained after prolonged diabetes suggested that glomerulosclerosis progressed at different rates in these models. The reason for this was not apparent.
