Association between dietary fat intake and bone mineral density in Korean adults: data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2008 ∼ 2009).

UNLABELLED: We determined the relation between dietary fat intake and bone mineral density, and our study showed that low- as well as high-fat diet was associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Our study provides significant evidence of the specific dietary components that may be important modifiable factors for the prevention of osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures have become major public health problems. It is important to understand the various factors that influence bone health and to prevent osteoporosis by correcting modifiable risk factors for the disease. Previous studies suggested that dietary habits and body composition were potent factors associated with bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to determine the independent effect of dietary fat intake on bone mineral density while controlling for other possible confounders, including fat mass and lean body mass. METHODS: This study was based on data obtained in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After serial exclusion of subjects according to the selection criteria, 7,192 subjects were included in our analysis. We divided the study population into quintiles according to dietary fat calorie/total calorie intake and compared the adjusted means of bone mineral density between quintiles. RESULTS: The bone mineral density was higher in men and women with a medium fat energy intake compared to those with a low- and high-fat energy intake, but the finding was statistically significant only in women. The results were valid after controlling for body fat percentage and lean body mass. CONCLUSIONS: We found that dietary fat intake is an independent modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis, regardless of body fat or lean body mass, especially in women. However, further investigations with accurate analyses of food intake and nutritional consumption, in addition to long-term follow-up data, are necessary to recommend an osteoporosis-preventive diet in Koreans.

Comparability and utility of body composition measurement vs. anthropometric measurement for assessing obesity related health risks in Korean men.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is commonly assessed by body mass index (BMI) of which limitations come from an inability to distinguish body fat mass from lean mass. Several anthropometric measurements, including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio have been used to predict metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of FMI or BF% combined with previous known anthropometric indices to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome in clinical practice. METHODS: In 5534 men visiting a hospital for health check-ups, blood tests, anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis using BIA were performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and each component of metabolic syndrome among BMI, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, FMI and BF%. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for metabolic syndrome was compared between several measurements. The net reclassification improvement with integrated discrimination improvement was used for assessing value of body composition measurement. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios of metabolic syndrome was 1.80 (95% CI, 1.71-1.89) for FMI and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.13-1.17) for BF%. Odds ratio of each metabolic component was highest for FMI among several anthropometric and body composition measurements. AUCs using the ROC curve for metabolic syndrome was highest for waist-to-height ratio, 0.823 (95% CI, 0.808-0.837) by National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. FMI caused a mild increase in integrated discrimination improvement when combined with waist-to-height ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Waist-to-height ratio seems to be the best screening tool for evaluating metabolic syndrome in Korean men, and adding FMI could result in a modest increase in integrated discrimination improvement.