Revisiting Stl's thoughts: formalizing the ictericus group in Euschistus (Euschistus) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).

Euschistus Dallas is distributed throughout the Western Hemisphere and is composed of 67 species in three subgenera: Euschistomorphus Jensen-Haarup, Lycipta Stl, and the nominate subgenus. Euschistus (Euschistus) includes several economically important species. Due to the lack of a phylogenetic analysis for the subgenus Euschistus, its groupings are based primarily on male genitalia. In this paper, the following Nearctic taxa that were first grouped together by Stl (1872), namely E. ictericus (Linnaeus), E. variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois), E. servus servus (Say), E. servus euschistoides (Vollenhoven), and E. tristigmus tristigmus (Say), are reviewed and redescribed. Several other similar, and probably related, taxa are also included in this study: E. tristigmus luridus (Dallas), E. inflatus Van Duzee, and E. latimarginatus Zimmer. Morphological patterns pertaining to the internal and external male and female genitalia allowed us to formalize the ictericus group to include the above-mentioned species (except E. tristigmus). The morphological overlap between the subspecies and sympatric areas of distribution have led us to consider E. servus euschistoides as a junior synonym of E. servus servus, and to corroborate the synonymy first proposed by Uhler (1861) of E. tristigmus luridus under E. tristigmus tristigmus.

Illustrated guide to Pentatominae (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) species associated with the four main grain crops in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

Several stink bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae are crop pests or have the potential to damage plants of economic importance. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, where agriculture plays a major role in the economy, the knowledge about pest stink bugs is fragmented and, in some instances, outdated. This work provides a summary of Pentatominae species recorded in Rio Grande do Sul feeding on the four most important grain crops for the state, i.e. soybean, rice, maize, and wheat, plus canola, an emerging crop. This survey is enhanced with new records from scientific collections, a short diagnosis for each species, distribution maps, an identification key, and carefully illustrated to allow for species recognition in the field. With this work, we aim to reunite the scattered knowledge of the group in one single revision, and provide a useful tool for identifying the pest stink bugs of Rio Grande do Sul.