ABSTRACT
Two yeast species, Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov., in the family Rhynchogastremataceae of the Tremellales are proposed. The two species are related to six species of the genus Papiliotrema: Papiliotrema aureus, P. flavescens, P. terrestris, P. baii, P. ruineniae and P. wisconsinensis. The novel species are proposed on the basis of the sequence-based phylogenetic species concept with analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A total of 16 strains of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. were obtained from freshwater and bromeliad leaves collected in Brazil. Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. differs by 11, 12, 16, 14, 11 and 13 substitutions in the D1/D2 domain from the related species P. aureus, P. flavescens, P. terrestris, P. baii, P. ruineniae and P. wisconsinensis, respectively. Differences of 11 substitutions and 21 or more substitutions in ITS regions were found when the sequences of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. were compared with P. wisconsinensis and its closest relatives. The type strain of Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y374T (=CBS 13918T). Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. is represented by two strains isolated from a flower of Miconia sp. and a water sample in Brazil. Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. differs from the related species P. aureus and P. ruineniae by eight substitutions, from P. flavescens and P. terrestris by 11 substitutions, from P. baii by 10 substitutions and from P. wisconsinensis by 6 substitutions in the D1/D2 domain, and by 7 substitutions from P. wisconsinensis and more than 19 substitutions in the ITS region from its closest relatives. The type strain of Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. is CBS 8358T (ML 3666T=DBVPG-4492T). The MycoBank numbers for Papiliotrema leoncinii sp. nov. and Papiliotrema miconiae sp. nov. are MB 813594 and MB 814882, respectively.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/classification , Melastomataceae/microbiology , Phylogeny , Basidiomycota/genetics , Basidiomycota/isolation & purification , Brazil , DNA, Fungal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics , Flowers/microbiology , Genes, rRNA , Molecular Sequence Data , Mycological Typing Techniques , Plant Leaves/microbiology , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors related to Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii infection during an outbreak, associated with laparoscopic surgery and to propose recommendations for preventing new cases. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A private hospital in Manaus, Brazil. PATIENTS A cohort of 222 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery between July 2009 and August 2010 by a single surgical team. METHODS We collected information about the patients and the surgical procedure using a standard form. We included sex, age, and variables with P≤0.2 in the bivariate analysis in a logistic regression model. Additionally, we reviewed the procedures for reprocessing the laparoscopic surgery equipment, and the strains obtained with culture were identified by molecular methods. RESULTS We recorded 60 (27%) cases of infection. After multivariate analysis, the duration of surgery beyond 1 hour (odds ratio [OR] 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-4.5), not to have been the first operated patient on a given day (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.2), and the use of permanent trocar (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.2) were associated with infection. We observed that the surgical team attempted to sterilize the equipment in glutaraldehyde solution when sanitary authorities had already prohibited it. Eleven strains presented 100% DNA identity with a single strain, known as BRA100 clone. CONCLUSIONS Because contaminated material can act as vehicle for infection, ensuring adequate sterilization processing of video-assisted surgery equipment was crucial to stopping this single clonal outbreak of nonturbeculous mycobacteria in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Disinfection/standards , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Mycobacterium chelonae , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Disinfectants , Female , Glutaral , Guideline Adherence , Hospitals, Private , Humans , Laparoscopy/instrumentation , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Typing , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/prevention & control , Mycobacterium chelonae/classification , Mycobacterium chelonae/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surgical Instruments/adverse effects , Surgical Instruments/microbiology , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control , Young AdultABSTRACT
We report here the first draft genome sequence of Mycobacterium kyorinense, which was described in 2009 and exhibits significant pathogenicity to humans.
