Relationship between the iron status of pregnant women and their newborns

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between iron nutritional status of pregnant women and their newborns using a combination of hematological and biochemical parameters for the diagnosis of iron deficiency. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jundiaí, Southeastern Brazil, in 2000. Venous blood samples collected from 95 pregnant women and from their umbilical cord and used for the determination of complete blood count, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, zinc protoporphyrin, and transferrin saturation. Women were classified into three groups: anemic, iron deficient and non-iron deficient. Statistical analysis included the Tukey-HSD test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Among pregnant women, 19 percent were anemic (97.9 percent mildly anemic and 2.1 percent moderately anemic) and 30.5 percent were iron deficient. No significant difference was seen in mean values of any parameter studied between newborns in the three groups (p>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed weak association between neonatal and maternal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The iron nutritional status of pregnant women with iron deficiency or mild anemia does not seem to have a significant impact on the iron levels of their children.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a relação entre os níveis de ferro de gestantes e seus filhos recém-nascidos, utilizando uma combinação de parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos para o diagnóstico da deficiência de ferro. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em Jundiaí, SP, em 2000. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas de 95 gestantes e do cordão umbilical de cada uma, e utilizadas na determinação de hemograma completo, ferro sérico, capacidade total de ligação do ferro, ferritina sérica, zinco-protoporfirina, e saturação de transferrina. As mulheres foram classificadas em três grupos: anêmicas, deficientes de ferro e não-deficientes de ferro. As análises estatísticas utilizadas foram o teste de Tukey-HSD, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: Entre as gestantes, 19 por cento estavam anêmicas (97,9 por cento levemente anêmicas e 2,1 por cento moderadamente anêmicas) e 30,5 por cento apresentavam deficiência de ferro. Não foi observada diferença significativa nas médias dos valores dos parâmetros estudados nos recém-nascidos dos três grupos (p>0,05). A análise de regressão linear múltipla mostrou fraca associação entre os parâmetros maternos e neonatais. CONCLUSÕES: Os níveis de ferro de gestantes com deficiência de ferro ou com anemia leve/moderada parecem não influenciar de forma significativa os níveis de ferro de seus filhos.

Relationship between the iron status of pregnant women and their newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between iron nutritional status of pregnant women and their newborns using a combination of hematological and biochemical parameters for the diagnosis of iron deficiency. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jundiaí, Southeastern Brazil, in 2000. Venous blood samples collected from 95 pregnant women and from their umbilical cord and used for the determination of complete blood count, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, zinc protoporphyrin, and transferrin saturation. Women were classified into three groups: anemic, iron deficient and non-iron deficient. Statistical analysis included the Tukey-HSD test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Among pregnant women, 19% were anemic (97.9% mildly anemic and 2.1% moderately anemic) and 30.5% were iron deficient. No significant difference was seen in mean values of any parameter studied between newborns in the three groups (p>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed weak association between neonatal and maternal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The iron nutritional status of pregnant women with iron deficiency or mild anemia does not seem to have a significant impact on the iron levels of their children.

Comparison between the HemoCue and an automated counter for measuring hemoglobin.

To determine the precision and agreement of the hemoglobin (Hb) measurements in capillary and venous blood samples by the HemoCue and an automated counter. Hb was determined by both equipments in blood samples of 29 pregnant women. The HemoCue showed low repeatability of Hb measurements in duplicate in capillary (CR=0.53 g/dL, CV=13.6%) and venous blood (CR=0.53 g/dL, CV=13.6%). Hb measurements in capillary blood were higher than those in venous blood (12.4 and 11.7 g/dL, respectively; p<0.05). There was high agreement between Hb in capillary blood by the HemoCue and in venous blood by the counter (r icc=0.86; p<0.01), and also between the diagnosis of anemia by both equipments (k=0.81; p<0.01). The HemoCue seems to be more appropriate for capillary blood and require training of the measurers.

Comparison between the HemoCue® and an automated counter for measuring hemoglobin

Com o objetivo de avaliar a precisão e concordância na determinação de hemoglobina (Hb) em sangue capilar e venoso, utilizando-se o HemoCue® e um contador automático, foram estudadas 29 gestantes. O HemoCue® apresentou baixa repetibilidade para as medidas em duplicata em sangue capilar (CR=0,53 g/dL; CV=13,6 por cento) e venoso (CR=0,53 g/dL; CV=13,6 por cento). As medidas de Hb obtidas em sangue capilar foram mais altas do que as obtidas em sangue venoso (12,4 e 11,7 g/dL, respectivamente; p<0,05). Verificou-se alta concordância entre medidas de Hb em sangue capilar obtidas pelo HemoCue® e em sangue venoso pelo contador (ricc=0,86; p<0,01), bem como entre os diagnósticos de anemia realizados nos dois equipamentos (k=0,81; p<0,01). O HemoCue® parece ser mais apropriado para análise de Hb em sangue capilar, mas é necessário um treinamento dos analisadores.