Intrauterine protein restriction combined with early postnatal overfeeding was not associated with adult-onset obesity but produced glucose intolerance by pancreatic dysfunction.

We investigated if whether intrauterine protein restriction in combination with overfeeding during lactation would cause adult-onset obesity and metabolic disorders. After birth, litters from dams fed with control (17% protein) and low protein (6% protein) diets were adjusted to a size of four (CO and LO groups, respectively) or eight (CC and LC groups, respectively) pups. All of the offspring were fed a diet containing 12% protein from the time of weaning until they were 90 d old. Compared to the CC and LC groups, the CO and LO groups had higher relative and absolute food intakes, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production; lower brown adipose tissue weight and lipid content and greater weight gain and absolute and relative white adipose tissue weight and absolute lipid content. Compared with the CO and CC rats, the LC and LO rats exhibited higher relative food intake, brown adipose tissue weight and lipid content, reduced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and spontaneous activity, increased relative retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight and unaltered absolute white adipose tissue weight and lipid content. The fasting serum glucose was similar among the groups. The area under the glucose curve was higher in the LO and CO rats than in the LC and CC rats. The basal insulinemia and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were lower in the LO group than in the other groups. The total area under the insulin curve for the LO rats was similar to the CC rats, and both were lower than the CO and LC rats. Kitt was higher in the LO, LC and CO groups than in the CC group. Thus, intrauterine protein restriction followed by overfeeding during lactation did not induce obesity, but produced glucose intolerance by impairing pancreatic function in adulthood.

A soyabean diet does not modify the activity of brown adipose tissue but alters the rate of lipolysis in the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of male rats recovering from early-life malnutrition.

Nutritional recovery with a soyabean diet decreases body and fat weights when compared with a casein diet. We investigated whether the reduced adiposity observed in rats recovering from early-life malnutrition with a soyabean diet results from alterations in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male rats from mothers fed either 17 or 6 % protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17 % casein (CC and LC groups), 17 % soyabean (CS and LS groups) or 6 % casein (LL group) diets over 60 d. The rats maintained on a soyabean diet had similar relative food intakes, but lower body and retroperitoneal WAT weights and a reduced lipid content in the retroperitoneal WAT. The insulin levels were lower in the recovered rats and were elevated in those fed a soyabean diet. Serum T3 concentration and uncoupling protein 1 content in the BAT were decreased in the recovered rats. The thermogenic capacity of the BAT was not affected by the soyabean diet. The lipogenesis rate in the retroperitoneal WAT was similar in all of the groups except for the LL group, which had exacerbated lipogenesis. The enhancement of the lipolysis rate by isoproterenol was decreased in white adipocytes from the soyabean-recovered rats and was elevated in adipocytes from the soyabean-control rats. Thus, in animals maintained on a soyabean diet, the proportions of fat deposits are determined by the lipolysis rate, which differs depending on the previous nutritional status.

Estado nutricional e capacidade funcional na úlcera por pressão em pacientes hospitalizados / Nutritional status and functional capacity predispose hospitalized patients to pressure ulcers

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a incidência de úlcera por pressão com o estado nutricional e a capacidade funcional de pacientes internados. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal realizado em dois hospitais, totalizando 130 pacientes (idade mediana = 52 (14-85) anos, 77 (59,2 por cento) homens e 53 (40,8 por cento) mulheres), sendo 72 (55,4 por cento) internados para tratamento clínico, 40 (30,8 por cento) para tratamento cirúrgico e 18 (13,8 por cento) em terapia intensiva. Os pacientes foram avaliados pela avaliação subjetiva global e classificados, de acordo com sua capacidade funcional, em acamados e não acamados. Registrou-se a presença e número de úlceras, e sua gravidade. A classificação das úlceras foi estabelecida como grave, para lesões de 3º e 4º graus, e leve, para os graus 1 e 2. RESULTADOS: A incidência de úlcera por pressão na população estudada foi de 19,2 por cento (n=25). Não houve associação significativa com o sexo, a idade e tipo de tratamento do paciente. Os pacientes acamados apresentaram 7,5 vezes mais chance de apresentar úlceras (19/50; 38,0 por cento) do que os que deambulavam (6/80; 7,5 por cento; OR=7,5; IC95 por cento: 2,7-20,7; p<0,001). A incidência de úlcera nos pacientes gravemente desnutridos (20/49; 40,8 por cento) foi 10 vezes maior que nos pacientes considerados não gravemente desnutridos (5/81; 6,1 por cento; OR=10,4 IC95 por cento: 3,6-30,5; p<0,0001) Pela análise multivariada, tanto a capacidade funcional (acamado, OR=9,2; IC95 por cento: 2,8-30,1; p<0,001) quanto o estado nutricional (desnutrido grave, OR=3,8; IC95 por cento: 1,0-13,9; p=0,04) associaram-se com a úlcera por pressão. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de úlcera por pressão está diretamente correlacionada com a desnutrição e com a restrição ao leito dos pacientes internados.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated if pressure ulcer correlated with the nutritional status and functional capacity of hospitalized patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 130 patients of two hospitals, 77 (59.2 percent) men and 53 (40.8 percent) women. The median age of the sample was 52 (14-85) years. Seventy-two (55.4 percent) patients were hospitalized for clinical treatment, 40 (30.8 percent) for surgical treatment and 18 (13.8 percent) for intensive care. Nutritional status was determined by subjective global assessment. The patients were then classified according to their functional capacity as bedridden or not. The number and severity of pressure ulcers was recorded. Grades 3 and 4 pressure ulcer were considered severe and grades 1 and 2 were considered mild. RESULTS: The incidence of pressure ulcers in the studied population was 19.2 percent (n=25). Pressure ulcer were not associated with gender, age and type of treatment. Bedridden patients were 7.5 times more likely to have pressure ulcer (19/50; 38.0 percent) than those who could walk (6/80; 7.5 percent; OR=7.5; CI95 percent: 2.7-20.7; p<0.001). The incidence of pressure ulcers in severely malnourished patients (20/49; 40.8 percent) was 10 times greater than that of better nourished patients (5/81; 6.1 percent; OR=10.4 CI95 percent: 3.6-30.5; p<0.0001). According to multivariate analysis, both functional capacity (bedridden, OR=9.2; CI95 percent: 2.8-30.1; p<0.001) and nutritional status (severe malnutrition, OR=3.8; CI95 percent: 1.0-13.9; p=0.04) are associated with pressure ulcer. CONCLUSION: Pressure ulcers correlate directly with malnutrition and bedridden status in hospitalized patients.