Total de linfonodos identificados após a ressecção do câncer colorretal / Lymph nodes identification after colorectal cancer resection

RACIONAL: A base cirúrgica principal no tratamento do câncer colorretal é a remoção em bloco do tumor com adequadas margens proximal e distal, associada à remoção dos linfonodos mesentéricos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores associados à quantidade de linfonodos encontrados em peças cirúrgicas de pacientes com câncer colorretal. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, de pacientes consecutivos, operados com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma colorretal. Foram excluídos aqueles submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico paliativo. Os dados demográficos, operatórios e histopatológicos foram analisados utilizando os testes exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado, Wilcoxon rank-sum e um modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: No período de 2000 a 2008, foram operados 298 pacientes com câncer colorretal. Os dados incluídos na análise estavam disponíveis para 173 pacientes. Destes, 85 (49 por cento) eram do sexo feminino e a idade mediana era de 65 (26-94) anos. A ressecção mais comum foi a colectomia esquerda (45 por cento), seguida pela colectomia direita (23 por cento). O número mediano de linfonodos isolados foi oito (0-67) e 33 por cento dos pacientes tiveram 12 ou mais linfonodos identificados na peça cirúrgica. Os pacientes com idade menor que 50 anos e aqueles submetidos à coletomia direita obtiveram maior número de linfonodos isolados. CONCLUSÕES: A idade do paciente menor que 50 anos e o tipo de ressecção cirúrgica estão associados ao maior número de linfonodos encontrados nas peças cirúrgicas.

BACKGROUND: The main base in surgical treatment of colorectal cancer is en-bloc removal of the tumor with adequate proximal and distal margins, combined with the removal of lymph nodes. AIM: To evaluate factors associated with the number of lymph nodes found in surgical specimens from patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: Analysis of a retrospective data of consecutive patients operated with a diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Were excluded those undergoing palliative surgery. Demographic data, operative and histopathological findings were analyzed using the Fisher exact test, chi-square, Wilcoxon rank-sum and a logistic regression model. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2008, were operated 298 patients with colorectal cancer. The data included in the analysis were available for 173 patients. Of these, 85 (49 percent) were female and median age was 65 (26-94) years. The resection was the most common left colectomy (45 percent), followed by right colectomy (23 percent). The median number of lymph nodes were isolated from eight (0-67) and 33 percent of patients had 12 or more lymph nodes identified in surgical specimens. Patients younger than 50 years and those who underwent right colectomy had a greater number of lymph nodes isolated. CONCLUSIONS: Patient age less than 50 years and the type of surgical resection are associated with higher number of lymph nodes found in surgical specimens.

Analysis of mutations in TP53, APC, K-ras, and DCC genes in the non-dysplastic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have a high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). To understand the molecular basis of colitis-associated CRC, we analyzed alterations in TP53, APC, K-ras, and DCC genes in the non-dysplastic UC and CD colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endoscopic biopsies were collected from six predefined colon sites of 35 UC and 12 CD patients for DNA extraction and genetic analysis. RESULTS: A mutation was found in codon 1141 of the APC gene of two CD patients, being somatic in one and germinative in the other. The mutation seen in both patients was a base exchange of thymine for cytosine, resulting in an exchange of leucine for serine. We did not detect any mutations in the other samples analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in APC gene may occur in the non-dysplastic CD mucosa of patients with disease for more than 10 years. The follow-up of these patients will show the likelihood of mutant APC progressing to CRC in CD. Further analysis will be required for evaluating the impact of these findings in the context of cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease.

Role of L-glutamine and glycine supplementation on irradiated colonic wall.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Radiotherapy is frequently used for cancer treatment, but it may be associated with several complications. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of L-glutamine and/or glycine supplementation on the colonic wall in rats submitted to abdominal radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: I-healthy, II (control)-irradiated rats without amino acid supplementation, III-irradiated rats with glycine supplementation, IV-irradiated rats with L-glutamine supplementation, V-irradiated rats with glycine supplementation 7 days before irradiation and with L-glutamine supplementation 7 days after irradiation, and VI-irradiated rats with L-glutamine supplementation 7 days before irradiation and with glycine supplementation 7 days after irradiation. Abdominal irradiation was employed with a dose of 1,000 cGy on the eighth day of the experiment. All animals underwent laparotomy on the 15th day for resection of a colonic segment for stereologic analysis. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at p

Case report of lymph nodal, hepatic and splenic tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient.

We describe a case of a male patient, 38 years old, HIV-positive (most recent CD4 count about 259/mm(3)), with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, and vespertine high fever with chills. His hemogram showed normocytic and normochromic anemia, with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and gross granulations in the neutrophils. Transaminases were normal. Bone marrow biopsy evidenced a chronic disease anemia pattern and a lack of infectious agents. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a normal-size spleen, which exhibited heterogeneous parenchyma and multiple small hypoechoic images, together with small ascites, peripancreatic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. These findings were confirmed by abdominal CT. The liver was normal in size, but had a hyperechoic image, which was not visualized on CT. Histopathological analysis of one of the multiple abdominal lymph nodes obtained by laparoscopic biopsy exhibited a chronic granulomatous inflammatory process, with caseous necrosis. Tissue sections were positive for BAAR (acid-alcohol-resistant bacillus), and the cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was begun, and the patient evolved with improvement of his general state, fever remission and weight gain. Splenic tuberculosis is a rare disease, occurring predominantly in patients in late stages of AIDS and/or disseminated tuberculosis. It is a difficult diagnosis, since there are no specific findings. Hence, complementary examinations, such as abdominal ultrasound/ CT, or fine needle aspiration, are usually necessary for investigation and differential diagnosis. Often, lesion regression after anti-tuberculosis regimens can be seen, and splenectomy is restricted to complicated or refractory disease.

Case report of lymph nodal, hepatic and splenic tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient

We describe a case of a male patient, 38 years old, HIV-positive (most recent CD4 count about 259/mm³), with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, and vespertine high fever with chills. His hemogram showed normocytic and normochromic anemia, with a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and gross granulations in the neutrophils. Transaminases were normal. Bone marrow biopsy evidenced a chronic disease anemia pattern and a lack of infectious agents. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a normal-size spleen, which exhibited heterogeneous parenchyma and multiple small hypoechoic images, together with small ascites, peripancreatic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. These findings were confirmed by abdominal CT. The liver was normal in size, but had a hyperechoic image, which was not visualized on CT. Histopathological analysis of one of the multiple abdominal lymph nodes obtained by laparoscopic biopsy exhibited a chronic granulomatous inflammatory process, with caseous necrosis. Tissue sections were positive for BAAR (acid-alcohol-resistant bacillus), and the cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was begun, and the patient evolved with improvement of his general state, fever remission and weight gain. Splenic tuberculosis is a rare disease, occurring predominantly in patients in late stages of AIDS and/or disseminated tuberculosis. It is a difficult diagnosis, since there are no specific findings. Hence, complementary examinations, such as abdominal ultrasound/ CT, or fine needle aspiration, are usually necessary for investigation and differential diagnosis. Often, lesion regression after anti-tuberculosis regimens can be seen, and splenectomy is restricted to complicated or refractory disease.

Linfoma pulmonar / Pulmonary lymphoma

Linfomas não-Hodgkin constituem um grupo de doenças linfoproliferativas malignas com diferentes padrões de comportamento, tratamento e prognóstico. Podem acometer as estruturas intratorácicas, particularmente os linfonodos mediastinais e o parênquima pulmonar, em alguma fase docurso da doença. Os autores descrevem um caso de linfoma não-Hodgkin com manifestação atípica nos pulmões e discutem o diagnóstico diferencial.

[Human pulmonary dirofilariasis at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a case report]. / Dirofilaríase pulmonar humana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: relato de um caso.

We report a case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis in a female patient 45-years-old, derived from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The chest radiologic finding consisted of single pulmonary nodule located on the left lower lobe that simulated lung tumor. Human pulmonary dirofilariasis might be investigated in nodules that are not malignants and require conclusive diagnosis.

Dirofilaríase pulmonar humana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: relato de um caso / Human pulmonary dirofilariasis at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a case report

Relata-se caso de dirofilaríase pulmonar humana em paciente com 45 anos de idade, proveniente do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A radiografia torácica evidenciou nódulo pulmonar solitário localizado no lóbulo inferior esquerdo, mimetizando neoplasia. Dirofilaríase pulmonar humana deveria ser investigada em nódulos pulmonares näo malignos e de etiologia näo conclusiva.

Clinical and diagnostic aspects of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The objectives of this study were to determine both the prevalence of microsporidial intestinal infection and the clinical outcome of the disease in a cohort of 40 HIV-infected patients presenting with chronic diarrhea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Each patient, after clinical evaluation, had stools and intestinal fragments examined for viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Microsporidia were found in 11 patients (27.5 percent) either in stools or in duodenal or ileal biopsies. Microsporidial spores were found more frequently in stools than in biopsy fragments. Samples examined using transmission electron microscopy (n=3) or polymerase chain reaction (n=6) confirmed Enterocytozoon bieneusi as the causative agent. Microsporidia were the only potential enteric pathogens found in 5 of the 11 patients. Other pathogens were also detected in the intestinal tract of 21 patients, but diarrhea remained unexplained in 8. We concluded that microsporidial infection is frequently found in HIV infected persons in Rio de Janeiro, and it seems to be a marker of advanced stage of AIDS

Hemorragia pulmonar e insuficiêencia renal / Pulmonary hemorrhagy and kidney failure

Os autores descrevem um caso de hemorragia pulmonar com falência renal. Este paciente apresentava altos títulos de ANCAp sem evidências de vasculite, com dificuldade de definiçäo diagnóstica

Microsporidiose disseminada na AIDS: relato de caso / Pulmonary microsporidiosis in AIDS: report of a case

A microsporidiose é uma infecçäo protozoária que vem emergindo rapidamente, sendo relatada predominantemente em imunossuprimidos graves, como na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS). Desde o primeiro caso de infecçäo por microsporídio em humanos, relatado em 1956, mais de 400 casos foram publicados. A descriçäo inicial de infecçäo pelo microsporídio em paciente com AIDS ocorreu em 1985. Cinco gêneros têm sido identificados como agentes de microsporidiose em pessoas imunossuprimidas (Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon, Septata, Pleistophora e Nosema). A infecçäo do trato respiratório devido ao microsporídio está associada quase exclusivamente à doença disseminada produzida pelos membros dos gêneros Encephalitozoon e Septata. O metronidazol e o albendazol foram recentemente relatados como responsáveis pela melhora clínica dos pacientes. Os autores relatam caso de uma mulher com AIDS e sintomas respiratórios associados à presença de dois patógenos pulmonare: Mycobacterium tuberculosis e Encephalitozoon cuniculi, o qual foi identificado pela reaçäo de cadeia de polimerase (PCR) usando sonda diagnóstica direcionada a pequena subunidade ribossomal RNA.

A 3-year follow-up of a brazilian AIDS patient with protracted diarrhea caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi

Enterocytozoon bieneusi e o mais comum microsporidio agente de infeccoes gastrointestinais que ocorre predominantemente em pessoas com AIDS. Em todo o mundo os microsporidios sao reconhecidos como importantes patogenos oportunistas, entretanto poucos casos ja foram diagnosticados no Brasil, provavelmente devido ao pouco conhecimento do quadro clinico que os agentes produzem ou a dificuldades no diagnostico laboratorial. No presente trabalho relatamos o caso de um paciente brasileiro HIV-positivo acompanhado durante 3 anos, em que foram detectados esporos de microsporidios nas fezes, identificados como Enterocytozoon bieneusi por microscopia eletronica e PCR. O paciente apresentava diarreia cronica, contagem de linfocitos CD4 abaixo de 100/mm3 e fez uso de albendazol em diferentes ocasioes com melhora transitoria da diarreia, que reaparecia logo que a droga era suspensa...

Infecçöes emergentes e síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida: aspectos morfológicos da linfadenopatia pelo VIH, malacoplaquia (Rhodococcus equi) e microsporidiose intestinal / Emergent Infections and syndrome of acquired imunodeficiência: morphologic aspects of the linfadenopatia for VIH, malacoplaquia (Rhodococcus equi) and intestinal microsporidiose

Enfoca-se três patologias distintas. Inicialmente, foram estudados 31 linfonodos de pacientes infectados pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH+), com ou sem síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA), por técnicas histológicas convencionais e imuno-histoquímicas. Hiperplasia folicular foi o padräo mais comum em pacientes soropositivos, enquanto involuçäo folicular e padräo difuso foram observados nos pacientes com SIDA. No segundo trabalho, foram descritos dois casos de malacoplaquia em pacientes com SIDA. Estudos em microscopias óptica, confocal de varredura a laser e eletrônica de transmissäo demonstraram corpos de Michaelis-Gutmann e bactérias, livres ou citoplasma de células de von Hansemann. Rhodococcus equi (cocobacilos Gram positivos), coraram-se muito bem pela prata metenamina de Grocott, em secçöes de tecido. Quando examinados, por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser, demonstraram brilho intenso, permitindo o estudo tridimensional da célula de von Hansemann. No terceiro trabalho, foram estudadas biópsias intestinais de 39 pacientes com SIDA e diarréia crônica, nove delas positivas para microsporídios. Os esporos, melhor observados em microscopia convencional pela coloraçäo de Brown-Brenn, quando analisados por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser, apresentaram intenso brilho à luz refletida, facilitando a sua visualizaçäo. O estudo em microscopia eletrônica, em material desparafinado e pós-fixado em glutaraldeído, permitiu a observaçäo de, praticamente, todas as formas de desenvolvimento do Encephalitozoon bieneusi. Os resultados dos trabalhos demonstram a utilidade de estudo ultraestrutural e por microscopia de varredura confocal a laser na identificaçäo de agentes infecciosos, principalmente quando material a fresco näo está disponível

Chagas'diasease in the brazilian amazon: III: a cross-sectional study

Dois inqueritos sorologicos para a infeccao chagasica foram realizados, respectivamente em 1991 e 1993, em amostras por conglomerado familiar na populacao da cidade de Barcelos, utilizando-se a reacao de imunofluorescencia indireta para anticorpos anti-T-cruzi. No primeiro inquerito de 628 amostras de sangue de residentes em 142 domicilios, 12,7 por cento foram positivos para anticorpos anti-T. cruzi; no segundo inquerito de 658 amostras de sangue de residentes em 171 domicilios, 13,7 por cento foram positivas, confirmando os resultados anteriores. De 170 individuos com sorologia positiva para infeccao chagasica 112 (66 por cento) compareceram para entrevista e para o exame clinico e eletrocardiografico. Destes 82 (73,2 por cento) submeteram-se ao xenodiagnostico. Dos 112 entrevistados, 52 (46,4 por cento) reconheceram o triatomineo como "piolho da piacava", 48 (42,8 por cento) disseram existir em seu local de trabalho, geralmente em piacavais na area rural e 19 (16,9 por cento) disseram ja terem sido picados pelo inseto...

Aspectos epidemiológicos, sociais e sanitários de uma área no Rio Negro, estado do Amazonas, com especial referência às parasitoses intestinais e à infecçäo chagásica / Epidemiological, social, and sanitary aspects in a area of the Rio Negro, state of Amazonas, with special reference to intestinal parasites and Chagas'Disease

Estudo seccional realizado na populaçäo residente em um de cada quatro domicílios habitados na cidade de Barcelos (no norte do estado do Amazonas), visando avaliar as condiçoes sociais, sanitárias e os indicadores específicos para as parasitoses intestinais e para infecçäo chagásica. Foram aplicados dois questionários, um domiciliar para avaliar os aspectos sociais e sanitários, e outro individual, para a avaliaçäo das condiçoes sociais e epidemiológicas da populaçäo.