Night eating syndrome among university students: are aspects of academic life associated with eating disorders? / Síndrome do comer noturno entre estudantes universitários: aspectos da vida acadêmica estariam associados ao distúrbio alimentar?

Introduction: the critical period in the lives of college adults implies lifestyle changes such as reducing physical activity and adopting unhealthy eating habits that can result in increased body fat. Thus, college students may represent a population at increased risk for Night Eating Syndrome. Objective: to analyze aspects of university students' academic life, work and housing that could be associated with Night Eating Syndrome. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with 900 students from Architecture, Engineering, Medicine and Psychology courses at a higher education institution located in Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection: the Night Eating instrument Questionnaire (NEQ) to quantify Night Eating Syndrome (NCS) behaviors and a form for variables on demographic, health, academic life, work and housing aspects. Results: the prevalence of NES determined by the NEQ≥25 score was 16.8%. In the Engineering course, the prevalence of SCN was higher in women than in men, and in the Psychology course, it was higher in men than in women. Among students with a job and who lived at home, the prevalence of the syndrome was higher for those who worked in the afternoon and lower for those who worked at night. Conclusion: the prevalence of NES found among Brazilian university students was high (16.8%), particularly in two situations: (1) being enrolled in an undergraduate course with a predominance of students of the other sex; and (2) live with parents and work in the afternoon. These observations may be helpful in identifying subpopulations of students at increased risk for eating disorders.

Introdução: o período crítico da vida de adultos universitários implica mudanças do estilo de vida como a diminuição da atividade física e a adoção de hábitos alimentares pouco saudáveis que podem resultar em aumento da gordura corporal. Assim, estudantes universitários podem representar uma população com risco aumentado para a Síndrome do Comer Noturno. Objetivo: analisar aspectos da vida acadêmica, do trabalho e da moradia de estudantes universitários que poderiam se associar à Síndrome do Comer Noturno. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 900 estudantes dos cursos de Arquitetura, Engenharia, Medicina e Psicologia de uma instituição de ensino superior localizada em Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foram usados questionários autoaplicados: o instrumento Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) para quantificar comportamentos da Síndrome do Comer Noturno (SCN) e um formulário para variáveis sobre aspectos demográficos, de saúde, vida acadêmica, trabalho e moradia. Resultados: a prevalência da SCN determinada pelo escore NEQ≥25 foi 16,8%. No curso de Engenharia a prevalência da SCN foi maior nas mulheres em relação aos homens, e no curso de Psicologia, foi maior nos homens em relação as mulheres. Entre os estudantes com emprego e que moravam na casa dos pais, a prevalência da síndrome foi maior para aqueles que trabalham no período da tarde e menor para aqueles que trabalham à noite. Conclusão: a prevalência da SCN encontrada entre os estudantes universitários brasileiros foi alta (16,8%), particularmente em duas situações: (1) estar matriculado um curso de graduação com predominância de estudantes do outro sexo; e (2) morar com os pais e trabalhar no período da tarde. Estas observações podem ser úteis na identificação de subpopulações de estudantes com risco aumentado de distúrbios de alimentação

Changes in childhood stroke mortality from 1990 to 2019 in Brazil and its federative units.

This research analyzed the temporal trend of stroke mortality in children aged 0-14 years, from 1990 to 2019, in Brazil and its federative units. This ecological study used data from the Global Burden of Disease, a study led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Stroke definition considered the International Classification of Diseases according to codes G45, G46, and I60-I69. Age-standardized mortality rates and the mean annual percentage change (APC) in mortality rates were estimated. Stroke mortality trends decreased, with an APC of - 3.9% (95% CI - 4.5; - 3.3; p < 0.001). Reducing trends were found in all but two states, where they were stationary. Maranhão (- 6.5%; 95% CI - 7.6; - 5.4; p < 0.001) had the greatest reduction and Rondônia, the smallest (- 1.2%; 95% CI - 2.3; - 0.1, p = 0.027). Decrease was more important in children < 5 (- 5.8%; 95% CI - 6.3; - 5.2; p < 0.001) compared to 5-14 years old (- 2.1%; 95% CI - 2.9; - 1.3; p < 0.001); additionally, it was greater in girls (- 4.1%; 95% CI - 4.6; - 3.5; p < 0.001) than in boys (- 3.8%; 95% IC - 4.5; - 3.1; p < 0.001). Ischemic stroke had the highest APC (- 6.1%; 95% CI - 6.8; - 5.3; p < 0.001), followed by intracranial hemorrhage (- 5.3%; 95% CI - 6.1; - 4.5; p < 0.001) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (- 2.7%; 95% CI - 3.3; - 2.1; p < 0.001). Largest reductions were seen in states with more vulnerable socioeconomic contexts. The stationary trends and lowest APCs were concentrated in the northern region, which had greater impact of diseases and less favorable outcomes.

Economic burden of cancer attributable to overweight in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

BACKGROUND: Alongside the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazil, there is expected to be increased direct healthcare costs of cancers. Herein, we estimated the economic costs of cancer attributable to overweight in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), according to sex, type of cancer and geographic location (Federative Units). METHODS: The population attributable fraction (PAF) of fifteen types of cancer were estimated using body mass index (BMI) data of 85,715 adults (≥ 20 years) involved in the 2019 National Health Survey and relative risks of cancers from a meta-analysis. Inpatients and outpatient procedures and costs of cancer treatment were obtained from the SUS systems. RESULTS: Costs of cancers included in this study were Int$ 1 billion in 2019, of which 9 % or Int$ 95 million were attributable to overweight and obesity. PAFs were higher in men (11 %) than in women (8 %), while the attributable cancer costs were higher in women (Int$ 55 million) than in men (Int$ 40 million). Cancers with the highest PAFs were endometrial cancer (40 %) and esophageal cancer (26 %), whereas cancers with the highest attributable costs were colorectal cancer (Int$ 25 million) and breast cancer (Int$ 24 million). CONCLUSION: Overweight was responsible for approximately Int$ 95 million (9 %) cancer direct healthcare cost in Brazil. Public policies and programs aimed at encouraging healthy diets and physical activity may decrease the economic burden of cancer in Brazil.

Do heart rate variability indices present potential to predict late postmenopausal? A retrospective study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare heart rate variability indices in early and late postmenopausal women and assess their correlation and prognostic value to predict late postmenopausal. METHODS: An observational and retrospective study was performed with the medical records of patients from Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo between 2018 and 2019. We selected medical records of women with menopause, over 40 years old, which were divided into two groups, according to postmenopausal time, i.e., early and late postmenopausal. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 123 women (55 in the early and 68 in the late postmenopausal group). RRtri (triangular index) was lower in the late postmenopausal group (8.68 vs. 7.15, p=0.040). There was a significant weak negative correlation in SDNN, RRtri, and SD2 and postmenopausal time. RRtri presented the potential to predict late postmenopausal. CONCLUSION: The increase in postmenopausal time decreases global heart rate variability indices. The geometric index RRtri was significantly lower in late postmenopausal women and presented the potential to predict late postmenopausal.

Temporal Trend of the Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors of Stroke: An Ecological Study of Brazilians between 2006 and 2012.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, including in Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of the prevalence of modifiable risk factors of stroke from 2006 to 2012. This ecological study was conducted by secondary analysis in May 2018, using data from the surveillance of risk factors and protection for chronic diseases by telephone inquiry (VIGITEL) available in the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The modifiable risk factors of stroke in Brazilians were systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, abusive alcohol consumption, overweight, and obesity. Overall, there was a significant increase in the risk factors of diabetes (ß = 0.30, P = 0.001, r2 = 0.99), overweight (ß = 0.50, P = 0.002, r2 = 0.98), and obesity (ß = 0.88, P < 0.001, r2 = 0.96). However, there was a stability in the prevalence of hypertension (ß = 0.25, P = 0.320, r2 = 0.88) and alcohol abuse (ß = 0.32, P = 0.116, r2 = 0.49). There was an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, overweight, and obesity, but stability in systemic arterial hypertension and abusive alcohol consumption in the Brazilian population.

Do heart rate variability indices present potential to predict late postmenopausal? A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare heart rate variability indices in early and late postmenopausal women and assess their correlation and prognostic value to predict late postmenopausal. METHODS: An observational and retrospective study was performed with the medical records of patients from Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo between 2018 and 2019. We selected medical records of women with menopause, over 40 years old, which were divided into two groups, according to postmenopausal time, i.e., early and late postmenopausal. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 123 women (55 in the early and 68 in the late postmenopausal group). RRtri (triangular index) was lower in the late postmenopausal group (8.68 vs. 7.15, p=0.040). There was a significant weak negative correlation in SDNN, RRtri, and SD2 and postmenopausal time. RRtri presented the potential to predict late postmenopausal. CONCLUSION: The increase in postmenopausal time decreases global heart rate variability indices. The geometric index RRtri was significantly lower in late postmenopausal women and presented the potential to predict late postmenopausal.

Reduction on Proinflammatory Cytokines after Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Patients with a Breast Cancer: A Nonrandomized, Open, and Single-Arm Study Protocol with Paired Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used as analgesic therapy in many diseases. It is already known that studies that have observed the relationship between pain and cytokines have found that patients who report less severe pain have less production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, one another accepted mechanism is that decreasing proinflammatory cytokines results in decreased pain intensity. Analyzing the literature, the authors describe that, in addition to the analgesic effect, TENS has shown systemic effects, and clinically, the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines could be a protective factor against inflammation. To test the inflammatory effect of TENS, we researched the literature for clinical conditions that suggest that proinflammatory cytokines are one of the main mediators of the disease process. Chronic inflammation is one of the risk factors mentioned for the development of a new cancer; at the same time, it is indicated as an indicator of the worst prognosis. Studies also suggest that the worst prognosis of breast cancer, one of the types with the highest incidence in the world, may be related to increased inflammatory activity. Considering that inflammation is increased in breast cancer and that TENS can reduce proinflammatory cytokines even without blocking the pain pathway, our hypothesis is that the anti-inflammatory effect of TENS can bring benefits to these patients. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the effect of TENS on blood reduction of proinflammatory cytokines in breast cancer patients. METHODS: This study will evaluate at least 59 patients, over 18 years of age, diagnosed with breast cancer, but who have not yet started any treatment. All patients will be submitted to TENS intervention (Ibramed, Model Neurodyn III, parameters: VIF-turn on, frequency-2-247 Hz, pulse size-50-500 µs, and intensity (mA)-maximum tolerated by the patient), and the data will be analyzed in the pre- and postintervention of each patient. The application has a total duration of 30 minutes, and 8 ml of blood will be collected before and after the intervention. Proinflammatory (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and FTCß) cytokines will be analyzed. As a primary endpoint, we will analyze the reduction in blood concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, and as secondary endpoints, we will analyze the size of the effect according to each type of proinflammatory cytokine, describe the effect size of the reduction according to the breast cancer immunohistochemistry, and analyze the effect of TENS on anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study is approved by the Research Ethics Committee (Centro Universitário FMABC, Brazil) and registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials (Search text: RBR-10jbwh47).

Stroke Hospital Admissions during the COVID-19 Outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Globally, stroke remains an important cause of death and long-term disability, and the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the health system may have impaired stroke care. Previous studies suggest significant reduction in hospital admissions for stroke after COVID-19 onset as patients may hesitate seeking medical help due to fear of exposure. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included cases of hospital admissions for stroke, identified from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde), which contains official and public data in Brazil. Data were collected in duplicate, then categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), considering codes I60-I69. Linear regression was used to estimate the variation in hospital admissions for stroke in the city of São Paulo (SP) - the largest and most populous city in Brazil and Latin America, between January and June of each analyzed year (2017-2020). The percentage variation between June and January 2020 was also compared. The level of significance was set at 5%, and the statistical program used was Stata, version 14.0. RESULTS: In the city of SP, during the first wave of COVID-19, from January to June 2020, there were registered decreases in absolute numbers and mean monthly admissions for stroke. Compared to January 2020, data from June 2020 showed 17% reduction in hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage, 32% for cerebral infarction, 26% for stroke unspecified, and 47% for other cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: We argue for policies aimed at improving stroke care and developing awareness campaigns regarding the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as even in less severe presentations, stroke can trigger an increase in mortality, cost, and long-term disability.

"The Value of Clinical Examination in Preterm Newborns after Neonatal Sepsis: A Cross-sectional Observational Study."

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is an important risk factor for lesions in the brain of preterm newborns (PTNB) and the most effective strategies to minimize its deleterious effects are early detection and intervention. AIM: To investigate the presence of neurological abnormalities in PTNBs after neonatal sepsis. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study with 100 PTNBs selected at random, 50 of the study group (sepsis) and 50 of the control group (non-sepsis). The neurological evaluation protocol adopted was the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE). RESULTS: The PTNBs of the sepsis group had total HNNE scores lower than expected for normality in 86% of the cases, and the non-sepsis group in 26% (p < .001). Higher prevalence levels of altered scores in tone category (p < .001), tone patterns (p = .026), reflexes (p = .002), movements (p < .001), abnormal signs (p < .001) and behavior (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The neurological dysfunctions after neonatal sepsis could be identified by clinical neonatal neurological evaluation.

COVID-19 mortality and lethality in the state of Pará, legal Amazon, Brazil / Mortalidade e letalidate da COVID-19 no Estado do Pará, Amazônia legal, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: the growth of coronavirus indices in the North region highlights the region's historical social inequalities and the problems in accessing citizenship. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the mortality and lethality of COVID-19 in the state of Pará, Brazil. METHODS: this is an ecological study with a time series design of secondary data. All registered cases and deaths reported by COVID-19 in the period from March 2020 to June 2021, in the state of Pará, Brazil, were considered. The incidence and mortality and lethality rates were used. The daily percentage variation and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: the total number of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the state of Pará was 552,937 and 15,469, respectively, from March 2020 to June 2021. Incidence and mortality rates from March 2020 to June 2021 were, respectively, 6,407.9 and 179.3 per 100,000 inhabitants and the lethality was 43.3. Regarding the analysis of the daily trend of rates in the period from March 2020 to June 2021, both mortality and incidence increased. CONCLUSION: it was found that the behavior of the trend of rates in the first wave was increasing in the incidence of confirmed cases and the lethality decreasing, and in the second wave, the mortality and lethality rates were increasing.

INTRODUÇÃO: o crescimento dos índices do coronavírus na região Norte evidencia as desigualdades sociais históricas da região e os problemas no acesso à cidadania. OBJETIVO: analisar a mortalidade e letalidade da COVID-19 no estado do Pará, Brasil. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo ecológico com delineamento de série temporal de dados secundários. Foram consideradas todos os casos registrados e óbitos notificados por COVID-19 no período de março de 2020 a junho de 2021, no estado do Pará, Brasil. Foi utilizado a taxa de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade. Estimou-se a variação percentual diário e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. RESULTADO: o total de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19 no estado do Pará foi de 552.937 e 15.469, respectivamente, no período de março de 2020 a junho de 2021. As taxas de incidência e mortalidade do período de março de 2020 a junho de 2021 foram, respectivamente, 6.407,9 e 179,3 por 100.000 habitantes e a letalidade foi 43,3. Com relação à análise de tendência diária das taxas no período de março de 2020 a junho de 2021 tanto a mortalidade quanto a incidência foram crescentes. CONCLUSÃO: constatou-se que o comportamento da tendência das taxas na primeira onda foi crescente na incidência de casos confirmados e a letalidade decrescente e, na segunda onda, as taxas de mortalidade e letalidade foram crescentes.

Inequalities in Mortality and Access to Hospital Care for Cervical Cancer-An Ecological Study.

Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer in the world among women, and it is estimated to be the third most frequent cancer in Brazil, as well as the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. There is a difference in cervical cancer mortality rates among different administrative regions in Brazil along with an inadequate distribution of cancer centers in certain Brazilian regions. Herein, we analyze the trends in hospital admission and mortality rates for CC between 2000 and 2012. This population-based ecological study evaluated the temporal trend in cervical cancer between the years 2000 and 2012, stratifying by Brazilian administrative regions. The North and Northeast regions had no reduction in mortality in all age groups studied (25 to 64 years); when analyzing hospitalization rates, only the age group of 50 to 64 years from the North Region did not present a reduction. During the years studied, in the South Region, the age group ranging from 50 to 54 years had the greatest reduction in mortality rates (ß = -0.59, p = 0.001, r2 = 0.63), and the group ranging from 45 to 49 years had the greatest reduction in hospital admission rates (ß = -8.87, p = 0.025, r2 = 0.37). Between the years 2000 and 2012, the greatest reduction in the incidence of UCC was in the South Region (ß = -1.43, p = 0.236, r2 = 0.12) followed by the Central-West (ß = -1, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.84), the Southeast (ß = -0.95, p < 0.001, r2 = 0.88), the Northeast (ß = -0.67, p = 0.080, r2 = 0.25), and, finally, by the North (ß = -0.42, p = 0.157, r2 = 0.17). There was a greater reduction in mortality rates and global hospitalization rates for CC in Brazil than in the United States during the same period with exceptions only in Brazil's North and Northeast regions.

Relationship between motor-cognitive functions and hemodynamic response of individuals with chronic stroke during and after an acute bout of aerobic exercise / Relação entre as funções motoras cognitivas e a resposta hemodinâmica de indivíduos com AVC crônico durante e após uma sessão aguda de exercícios aeróbicos

BACKGROUNG: Individuals post-stroke commonly presents functional and cardiorespiratory deficits besides a physical inactivity lifestyle in the chronic phase of disease. Considering this, there is a hypothesis that hemodynamic responses could be affected by motor, cognitive and cardiorespiratory deficits during the aerobic exercise. In order to identify functional conditions that can influence the aerobic performance of these individuals, correlations between functional variables and hemodynamic responses during and after the aerobic exercise were studied. As a secondary purpose, the ability of return to hemodynamic resting state were also analyzedMETHODS: In this experimental study, after being evaluated about their motor and cognitive function, balance and prognosis, forty participants underwent a 30-minute aerobic exercise session on a treadmill. Training heart rate, arterial blood pressure, oxygen pulse saturation, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured before begin the exercise session, every five minutes during the exercise and five minutes after itRESULTS: Cardiorespiratory parameters within normality limits in all phases of the exercise and the capacity of returning to the resting state were observed. Moderate inverse correlations were found between Berg Scale and oxygen pulse saturation (r =-0.401, p = 0.01), between MMSE and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.406, p = 0.009), age and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.435, p = 0.005) and between injury time and RR (r = -0.454, p = 0.003). Relationship between the lesion side and the 20 minutes phase of aerobic exercise was also observed (p = 0.042CONCLUSION: Post- stroke individuals present moderate correlation between hemodynamic and respiratory responses during aerobic exercise and balance, muscle strength, injury time, age and side of lesion. They also have the capacity to return to their cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular resting state right after the activity besides their cardiorespiratory deficits

INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos pós-AVC comumente apresentam déficits funcionais e cardiorrespiratórios, além de estilo de vida de inatividade física na fase crônica da doença. Diante disso, existe a hipótese de que as respostas hemodinâmicas possam ser afetadas por déficits motores, cognitivos e cardiorrespiratórios durante o exercício aeróbio. Para identificar as condições funcionais que podem influenciar o desempenho aeróbio desses indivíduos, foram estudadas as correlações entre as variáveis funcionais e as respostas hemodinâmicas durante e após o exercício aeróbio. Como objetivo secundário, a capacidade de retorno ao estado de repouso hemodinâmico também foi analisadaMÉTODO: Neste estudo experimental, após serem avaliados quanto à função motora e cognitiva, equilíbrio e prognóstico, quarenta participantes foram submetidos a uma sessão de exercício aeróbio de 30 minutos em esteira. A frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial, saturação periférica de oxigênio, frequência cardíaca e frequência respiratória de treinamento foram medidas antes do início da sessão de exercício, a cada cinco minutos durante o exercício e cinco minutos apósRESULTADOS: Foram observados parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios dentro dos limites da normalidade em todas as fases do exercício e capacidade de retorno ao estado de repouso. Correlações inversas moderadas foram encontradas entre Escala de Berg e saturação do pulso de oxigênio (r = -0,401, p = 0,01), entre MEEM e pressão arterial diastólica (r = -0,406, p = 0,009), idade e pressão arterial diastólica (r = -0,435, p = 0,005) e entre o tempo de lesão e FR (r = -0,454, p = 0,003). Também foi observada relação entre o lado da lesão e a fase de 20 minutos do exercício aeróbio (p = 0,042CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos pós-AVE apresentam correlação moderada entre as respostas hemodinâmicas e respiratórias durante o exercício aeróbio e equilíbrio, força muscular, tempo de lesão, idade e lado da lesão. Eles também têm a capacidade de retornar ao estado de repouso cardiorrespiratório e cardiovascular logo após a atividade, apesar de seus déficits cardiorrespiratórios

Basic life support education: the impact of lecture-demonstration in undergraduate students of health sciences / Educação em suporte básico de vida: o impacto da aulademonstrativa em estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde

BACKGROUNG: Cardiac arrest is a severe public health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), basic life support (BLS) is the bedrock for improving people's survival after a cardiac arrest. Through scientific evidence, empowering health professionals focuses on education in resuscitation is vital to identify and attend a Cardiac arrest victim. In Brazil, there is a lack of data that evaluates the BLS knowledge of health science students. This study analyzed the knowledge retention of medicine, nursing, and physiotherapy students after one year of having a lecture demonstration on BLSMETHODS: Longitudinal study. Undergraduate students of health science participated in the data collection and answered a questionnaire based on BLS following AHA guidelines. Data were collected during two consecutive years in three different moments (an assessment, a test after a lecture, and an assessment test one year laterRESULTS: The group improved its score after the class on BLS; the number of correct answers doubled (p <0.001); however, one year later, that score decreased significantly (p <0.001CONCLUSION: No retention of knowledge in health sciences students after a year of a lecture demonstration on BLS

INTRODUÇÃO: A parada cardíaca (PC) é um grave problema de saúde pública e uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo. De acordo com a American Heart Association (AHA), o suporte básico de vida (SBV) é a base para melhorar a sobrevivência das pessoas após uma parada cardiorrespiratória e a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar é um aspecto crucial. Por meio de evidências científicas, capacitar os profissionais de saúde com foco na educação em ressuscitação é fundamental para identificar e atender uma vítima de parada cardíaca. No Brasil, faltam dados que avaliem o conhecimento em SBV de estudantes de ciências da saúde. Este estudo analisou a retenção de conhecimento de estudantes de Enfermagem, Fisioterapia e Medicina, após um ano de realização de uma palestra-demonstração sobre SBVMÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal. Estudantes de graduação em ciências da saúde que participaram da coleta de dados e responderam a um questionário baseado no SBV seguindo as diretrizes da AHA. Os dados foram recolhidos durante dois anos consecutivos, em três momentos distintos (uma avaliação, um teste após a aula e um teste de avaliação um ano após a aulaRESULTADOS: O grupo melhorou sua pontuação após a palestra sobre SBV; o número de acertos dobrou (p <0,001); no entanto, um ano depois, essa pontuação diminuiu significativamente (p <0,001CONCLUSÃO: Não houve retenção de conhecimento após um ano de uma aula-demonstrativa sobre SBV em estudantes de ciências da saúde

Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in a vulnerable population in northern Brazil: a cross-sectional study / Prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome metabólica em população vulnerável do norte do Brasil: um estudo transversal

INTRODUCTION: metabolic syndrome (SM) is a set of metabolic imbalances that are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to other chronic non-communicable diseases. SM has been gaining prominence in the scientific community mainly due to link with the increase of the obesity epidemic in the worldOBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with metabolic syndrome and its prevalence in a vulnerable population in the Northern Region of BrazilMETHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with artisanal fishers from the state of Tocantins, and data collected between 2016 and 2017 were used. The outcome variable for MS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The following variables were assessed: socioeconomic and demographic information, fish consumption, and smoking. For statistical and data analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, Poisson regression, Student's t-test, and interquartile regression were evaluatedRESULTS: The general prevalence rate (PR) of MS was 31.9% higher in women than in men. The factors associated with MS were economic class and smoking, and there was an association between socioeconomic class and smoking (p=0.015). The most prevalent component was abdominal obesity with a rate of 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.5, 70.5). The prevalence of MS in terms of sex (PR=2.27, 95% 1.04 CI, 4.92, p=0.037), smoking (PR=2.40, 95% CI, 30, p=0.003) and years of professional experience (>10 PR=2.07, 95% CI 1.06, 4.05, p=0.033) was also assessedCONCLUSION: In the present study, the prevalence of SM was associated with smoking and socioeconomic status, which is considered high when compared to the worldwide prevalence. These findings highlight the importance of looking at public policies so that health services can develop actions that generate greater adherence to good health practices by the population

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome metabólica (SM) é um conjunto de desequilíbrios metabólicos que estão associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 além de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. A SM vem ganhando destaque na comunidade científica principalmente por sua ligação com o aumento da epidemia de obesidade no mundoOBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados à síndrome metabólica e sua prevalência em população vulnerável da Região Norte do BrasilMÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com pescadores artesanais do estado do Tocantins, e foram utilizados dados coletados entre 2016 e 2017. A variável desfecho para SM foi definida de acordo com os critérios da International Diabetes Federation. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: informações socioeconômicas e demográficas, consumo de peixe e tabagismo. Para análise estatística e de dados, foram avaliados o teste de Shapiro - Wilk, regressão de Poisson, teste t de Student e regressão interquartilRESULTADOS: A taxa geral de prevalência (RP) da SM foi 31,9% maior em mulheres do que em homens. Os fatores associados à SM foram classe econômica e tabagismo e houve associação entre classe socioeconômica e tabagismo (p = 0,015). O componente mais prevalente foi obesidade abdominal com uma taxa de 62,5% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 54,5, 70,5). A prevalência de SM em termos de sexo (RP = 2,27, IC 95% 1,04, 4,92, p = 0,037), tabagismo (RP = 2,40, IC 95%, 30, p = 0,003) e anos de experiência profissional (> 10 RP = 2,07, IC 95% 1,06, 4,05, p = 0,033) também foi avaliadoCONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, a prevalência de SM esteve associada ao tabagismo e ao nível socioeconômico, sendo considerada elevada quando comparada a prevalência mundial. Esses achados assinalam a importância de um olhar das políticas públicas para que os serviços de saúde possam desenvolver ações que geram maior adesão as boas práticas de saúde pela população

The effects of aerobic exercise on biochemical parameters in individuals with CKD on hemodialysis: A longitudinal study / Os efeitos do exercício aeróbico sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos em indivíduos com DRC em hemodiálise: Um estudo longitudinal

BACKGROUNG: Chronic kidney disease is directly related to cardiovascular disorders. Guided physical exercises significantly improve the adverse effects of dialytic treatmentOBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in biochemical parameters of subjects with chronic kidney disease undergoing moderate exercise during hemodialysisMETHODS: This is an experimental study composed of 54 subjects submitted to hemodialysis, split into a control group and a group with intervention. The experimental group underwent three weekly sessions of aerobic exercise, performed during hemodialysis sessions, with a duration of 30 minutes, for 12 weeks. The blood parameters of both groups were comparedRESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between pre (p=0.001) and post-exercise protocol for urea (p=0.006), calcium (p=0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.020) and sodium (p=<0.001). In the control group, we observed significant differences for the calcium variable (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p=0.024), hematocrit (p=0.015), calcium vs phosphorus (p=0.018), and sodium (p=0.023), before and after the periodCONCLUSION: Aerobic training during hemodialysis was able to maintain blood level stability in patients with chronic kidney disease, both during and at the end of the protocol, even considering increased blood flow. This trial is registered in the Brazilian registry of clinical Trials - number RBR-7354r6. : July 5, 2018 at 12:59 PM. : July 24, 2018 at 10:24 AM. Identification of the test - UTN Number: U1111-1216-8272

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença renal crônica está diretamente relacionada a distúrbios cardiovasculares. Exercícios físicos guiados melhoram significativamente os efeitos adversos do tratamento dialíticoOBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos de indivíduos com doença renal crônica submetidos a exercícios moderados durante a hemodiáliseMÉTODO: Este é um estudo experimental composto por 54 indivíduos submetidos à hemodiálise, divididos em um grupo controle e um grupo com intervenção. O grupo experimental passou por três sessões semanais de exercício aeróbico, realizadas durante as sessões de hemodiálise, com duração de 30 minutos, por 12 semanas. Os parâmetros sanguíneos de ambos os grupos foram comparadosRESULTADOS: Diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observadas entre o protocolo pré (p=0,001) e pós-exercício para urea (p=0,006), cálcio (p=0,001), alanina aminotransferase (p=0,020) e sódio (p=&0.001). No grupo controle, observamos diferenças significativas para a variável cálcio (p<0.001), alanina aminotransferase (p=0,024), hematócrito (p=0,015), cálcio vs fósforo (p=0,018) e sódio (p=0,023), antes e depois do períodoCONCLUSÃO: O treinamento aeróbico durante a hemodiálise foi capaz de manter a estabilidade do nível sanguíneo em pacientes com doença renal crônica, tanto durante quanto no final do protocolo, considerando mesmo o aumento do fluxo sanguíneo. Este ensaio está registrado no registro brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - número RBR-7354r6. Data de inscrição: 5 de julho de 2018 às 12h59. : 24 de julho de 2018 às 10h24. Identificação do teste - UTN Número: U1111-1216-8272

Correlation between timed up and go, usual gait speed and dizziness handicap inventory in elderly with vestibular disorders: a retrospective and analytical study.

BACKGROUND: This study was done to verify the associations between the usual gait speed (UGS), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the perception of disability in elderly vestibular patients and to identify factors associated with TUG results. METHODS: This was a descriptive, analytical, and retrospective study that used data from the clinical records of vestibular patients aged 65 years or older at a rehabilitation service in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The records were examined for the following information: sex, age, type of vestibular disorder, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) score and performance in the TUG and UGS tests before treatment. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient was used depending on the distribution of data. Age and the DHI were factored into multiple linear regression models in order to model the tests. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive power of age, the DHI total, and the UGS for the sample's TUG results. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: We evaluated 118 clinical records, of which 26 were excluded due to incomplete information, leaving data from 92 vestibular patients (73 females; 78.3 ± 5.8 years old). Unilateral vestibular hypofunction and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo presented the highest prevalence. The total score and the DHI domains showed a significant association with the TUG and UGS values. The age-adjusted DHI had a low predictive power for these same values. CONCLUSIONS: The total score and DHI domains have a significant association with the TUG and UGS values for elderly adults with vestibular disorders. The age-adjusted DHI has a low predictive power for TUG and UGS values.

Clinical aspects and the quality of life among women with endometriosis and infertility: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The quality of life (QoL) of patients with endometriosis and infertility was assessed in different stages and correlated with the clinical features of the cases. METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional study; 106 women were included, divided in two endometriosis groups (Grade I/II, 26 women, and Grade II/IV, 74 women). All participants attended the Endometriosis and Infertility Outpatient Clinic of the Instituto Ideia Fértil de Saúde Reprodutiva, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil, were and responded to the Short Form (SF) Health Survey-36. Convenience sampling was used due to the authors' access to the study population; however, the sample number was calculated to be sufficient for 95% power in both groups. RESULTS: Homogeneity was observed between Grade I/II and Grade III/IV staging, with similar mean ages (35.27, ±3.64 years and 34.04, ±3.39 years, respectively, p = 0.133); types of infertility (p = 0.535); infertility time (p = 0.654); degrees of pain (p = 0.849); and symptoms common to endometriosis, namely, dysmenorrhea (p = 0.841), dyspareunia (0.466), chronic pelvic pain (p = 0.295), and intestinal (p = 0.573) or urinary (p = 0.809) diseases. Comparisons of median scores in the QoL domains demonstrated that the distributions of QoL and clinical symptoms were significantly related between the types of dyspareunia and the following domains: physical functioning (p = 0.017), role- emotional (p = 0.013), and general health (p = 0.001). Regarding pain outside of menstruation, there was significance in the pain domain (p = 0.017), and degree of pain was significance in physical functioning (p = 0.005) and role-physical (p = 0.011) domains. CONCLUSIONS: The present study pointed out that it is not the stage of endometriosis that interferes in the quality of life of women with endometriosis and infertility but rather the clinical manifestations, such as dyspareunia and pain. Thus, we can conclude that the patient's perception of the disease should be considered in health care and that the losses are independent of the degree of endometriosis in this population with the aggravating factor of infertility.

Association between pubertal development stages and body adiposity in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to analyze the association between pubertal development stages and adiposity in children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 in Florianópolis, Brazil, with 2339 schoolchildren 32 aged 8 to 14 years old (1107 males). The outcome (adiposity) was evaluated using Z score and 33 percentilee values > = 85 of four skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and calf) and waist 34 circumference. Total body adiposity (Z score of the sum of skinfolds), central adiposity (Z score 35 of waist circumference) and peripheral adiposity (Z scores of triceps and calf skinfolds) were 36 estimated. Pubertal development stages was self-assessed according to Tanner stages of development. Thirty-seven Children and adolescents were classified according to tertiles of age for each pubertal development stages 38 stage - early, normal and late. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and 39 multivariate Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Children and adolescent from both sexes with early pubertal development stages presented higher prevalence of central adiposity (waist circumference), with adjusted prevalence ratio (CI 95%) of 2.21 (1.12; 4.35) for males and 2.18 (1.04; 4.57) for females (reference group: normal pubertal development stages). Among females, there was a reduction in the prevalence of excess adiposity with decreased occurrence of early pubertal development stages. There was a strong relationship between adiposity and pubertal development stages. CONCLUSIONS: Excess adiposity was higher in both sexes for those with early pubertal development stages.

Decline in Stroke Mortality Between 1997 and 2012 by Sex: Ecological Study in Brazilians Aged 15 to 49 Years.

This study aimed to analyse the time trends of stroke mortality between 1997 and 2012 according to sex in Brazilians aged 15 to 49 years. This ecological study used data obtained from the Mortality Information System, which is available from the National Health System Department of Informatics - DATASUS and maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Stroke definition included International Classification of Disease version 10 (ICD-10) codes I60, I61, I63, and I64. Crude and age-standardized mortality rates and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated per 100,000 inhabitants and stratified by age, region, year, and sex. Linear regression models were used to analyse the time trends with a confidence level of 95%. The statistical program used was Stata 11.0. Between 1997 and 2012, there were 124,866 deaths due to stroke in Brazilians aged 15 to 49 years. There was a decreasing linear trend in stroke mortality among men (ß = -0.46, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.95) and women (ß = -0.40, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.98) during this period. Overall there was no significant difference in stroke mortality trends by sex, except with respect to the age group of 40 to 49 years where there was a difference in the decrease of stroke mortality between men and women (interaction sex * year: ß = 0.238, p = 0.012, R² = 0.96). Mortality rates decrease significantly over time in men and women in the age group 15 to 49 years old, but there is only significant difference in the decrease of rates by sex only in the age group from 40 to 49 years old.