ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of meningococcal disease isolates collected throughout Brazil from 2006 to 2008 and forwarded to the National Reference Laboratory for Meningitis, Institute Adolfo Lutz - São Paulo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MIC to penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin was determined in a sample of 1096 (55% of the total isolates received) randomly chosen using the broth microdilution procedure. The breakpoints used were those recommended by the European Monitoring Group on Meningococci (EMGM). RESULTS: Decreased susceptibility to penicillin and ampicillin was detected in 13% and 12.9% respectively. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Two strains (0.2%) showed high resistance to rifampicin and 0.5% of the isolates displayed intermediate resistance to rifampicin. CONCLUSIONS: The meningococcal strains isolated in Brazil during 2006-2008 were globally susceptible to all antibiotics currently used in treatment or chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal disease in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Chloramphenicol/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Meningitis, Meningococcal/drug therapy , Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology , Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & control , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification , Rifampin/pharmacology , Serotyping , Species Specificity , Young Adult , beta-Lactams/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of meningococcal disease isolates collected throughout Brazil from 2006 to 2008 and forwarded to the National Reference Laboratory for Meningitis, Institute Adolfo Lutz - São Paulo. Materials and methods The MIC to penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin was determined in a sample of 1096 (55% of the total isolates received) randomly chosen using the broth microdilution procedure. The breakpoints used were those recommended by the European Monitoring Group on Meningococci (EMGM).Results Decreased susceptibility to penicillin and ampicillin was detected in 13% and 12.9% respectively. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin. Two strains (0.2%) showed high resistance to rifampicin and 0.5% of the isolates displayed intermediate resistance to rifampicin. Conclusions The meningococcal strains isolated in Brazil during 2006-2008 were globally susceptible to all antibiotics currently used in treatment or chemoprophylaxis of meningococcal disease in Brazil (AU)
Objetivo Analizar el perfil de susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos de las cepas de meningococos aisladas de casos de enfermedad meningocócica en Brasil entre 2006 y 2008 y enviadas al Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia para Meningitis, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo. Material y métodos Se determinó la CIM a penicilina, ampicilina, cloranfenicol, ceftriaxona, ciprofloxacino y rifampicina, mediante el procedimiento de microdilución seriada en caldo en una muestra de 1.096 aislados (55% de los aislados recibidos) escogida al azar. Los puntos de corte utilizados fueron los recomendados por el European Monitoring Group on Meningococci (EMGM).Resultados Se detectó disminución de la susceptibilidad a la penicilina y la ampicilina en el 13 y el 12,9% respectivamente. Todos los aislados fueron susceptibles a cloranfenicol, ceftriaxona y ciprofloxacino. Dos cepas (0,2%) mostraron alta resistencia a la rifampicina y el 0,5% de los aislados presentaron resistencia intermedia a la rifampicina. Conclusiones Las cepas de meningococos aisladas en Brasil en el periodo 2006-2008 fueron globalmente susceptibles a los antibióticos actualmente utilizados en el tratamiento o quimioprofilaxis de enfermedad meningocócica en Brasil (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Neisseria meningitidis , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Penicillins/pharmacokinetics , Chloramphenicol/pharmacokinetics , Ceftriaxone/pharmacokinetics , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
Meningococcal disease is characterized by cyclic fluctuations in incidence, serogroup distribution, and antigenic profiles. In greater São Paulo, Brazil, there has been a constant increase in the incidence of serogroup C meningococcal disease since the late 1980s. To gain an understanding of changes in serogroup C meningococcal disease over three decades in greater São Paulo, Brazil, 1,059 invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C isolates from 1976 and 2005 were analyzed. Three major clone complexes, sequence type (ST)-11, ST-8, and ST-103, were identified by multilocus sequence typing, and the isolates were characterized by serotyping and 16S rRNA typing. During the 30-year period, there were two major antigenic replacements: from 2a:P1.(5,2) to 2b:P1.3 and subsequently to 23:P1.14-6. All strains of clone ST-103 were characterized as serotype 23 and serosubtype P1.14-6. The origin of 23:P1.14-6 ST-103 complex strains is unknown, but efforts are needed to monitor its spread and define its virulence. The antigenic replacements we observed likely represent a mechanism to sustain meningococcal disease in the population as immunity to circulating strains accumulated.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/classification , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/isolation & purification , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Humans , Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , SerotypingABSTRACT
Phenotype characterization of 11 181 invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates collected in Brazil from 1990 to 2001 was performed. Based on laboratory data, there were 7436 (67 %) serogroup B isolates, 3391 (30 %) C, 236 W135, 51 Y, four 29E, three X, one Z, and 59 of unknown serogroup. Phenotype B : 4,7 : P1.19,15 (54 %) remained the most common during the whole of the 12-year period. Two waves were observed within the serogroup C population: the most frequent phenotype C : 2b : P1.3 (47 %) was replaced after 1998 by non-typable isolates (C : NT : NST) (16 %).
Subject(s)
Meningococcal Infections/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis/classification , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification , Phenotype , Serotyping , Time FactorsABSTRACT
No presente estudo, nos reportamos os resultados de uma analise, baseada na sorotipagem, multilocus enzimatico (MEE) e ribotipagem de N. meningitidis sorogrupo C isoladas de paciente com doenca meningococica no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e Santa Catarina (SC), onde o Centro de Controle Epidemiologico do Ministerio da Saude detectou um aumento de casos de doenca meningococica (DM) devido a este sorogrupo nos ultimos 2 anos (1992-1993)...
