Influence of Humoral Factors on Hemostatic Properties of Blood In Vitro in Rats.

An important role in the implementation of many physiological and pathological processes is played by the functional state of the components of the hemostasis system, the activity of which is largely determined by the influence of various humoral factors. We studied the effects of lactate, nitric oxide, and sodium glutamate on aggregation activity of platelets and coagulation properties of rat plasma in vitro. The most pronounced effect was produced by lactic acid, which manifested in a dose-dependent decrease in the parameters of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and a two-phase change in blood coagulability with progressive acidification of the medium. Nitric oxide induced less pronounced decrease in the aggregation activity of platelets. Sodium glutamate, on the contrary, stimulated platelet aggregation and similar to nitric oxide did not affect coagulation status of the plasma.

[The application of hemoreologic indicators in prognosis of complications of acute myocardium infarction].

The sampling of 60 patients with acute myocardium infarction underwent a complex study of hemoreologic indicators with purpose to establish predictors of development of early complications of diseases to substantiate additions to algorithm of examination and to differentiate treatment regimens. It is established that under acute myocardium infarction the blood viscosity increases on low velocity of shifting and plasma. Also, the process of aggregation of erythrocytes increases and number of normocytes decreases without significant alterations of blood viscosity on high velocity of shift and capacity of erythrocytes to be distorted. At the same time, the mentioned above alterations in patients with acute myocardium infarction does not result in decreasing of effectiveness oftransportation of oxygen to tissues. Against the background of development the hemoreologic disorders have more apparent character and result in progressive decreasing of tissue perfusion. The most significant prognostic indicator concerning complications of acute myocardium infarction is a time parameter of increment of aggregation of erythrocytes surpassing 2.80 in 89% of patients with complications. The expedience of inclusion of detection of reologic blood indicators fir their subsequent correction in the complex of examination ofpatients with acute myocardium infarction.

[Possibilities of correction of rheological properties of the blood and free radical processess in patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Aim of the study was assessment of rheological parameters of the blood and processes of free radical oxidation as well as rate of arrhythmia development in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) whose otherwise standard therapy was supplemented with 90% omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PFA). We examined 63 patients with AMI and concomitant diabetes. 90% omega-3 PFA was given to 16 of these patients. Control group consisted of 22 practically healthy patients. Investigation of blood rheological parameters included measurement of viscosity of whole blood, determination of aggregation and morphofunctional structure of erythrocytes. Free radical processes were assessed by total amount of nitrates and nitrites in blood plasma, concentration of citrulline and malone dialdehyde. In patients with AMI taking its course at the background of type 2 DM compared with control group we observed changes of rheological properties of blood and processes of free radical oxidation which led to lowering of tissue oxygen supply. Standard therapy of AMI in more than 50% of patients did not result in adequate correction of impaired rheological parameters of blood. Addition of 90% omega-3 PFA to standard treatment of AMI was associated with improvement of aggregation and cytoarchitectonics of erythrocytes, lowering of activity of free radical oxidation, and by the end of 2nd week of treatment--with lessening of number of ventricular disturbances of cardiac rhythm. Thus supplementation of standard therapy with preparation 90% omega-3 PFA in patients with AMI and type 2 DM facilitates improvement of rheological properties of blood and processes of free radical oxidation, and prevention of arrhythmia.

[Effect of atorvastatin on hemorheological parameters in patients with arterial hypertension with dyslipidemia].

We assessed effect of 6-weeks therapy with atorvastatin on parameters of lipid metabolism and some hemorheological characteristics in 27 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and dyslipoproteinemia (DLP). In addition to general clinical examination we studied hemorheological profile including hematocrit, blood plasma and whole blood viscosity with the method of rotational viscosimetry at various shear rates, deformability of erythrocytes by filtration method, and cytoarchitectonics of erythrocytes. At the background of pronounced lipid lowering effect of atorvastatin we noted obvious improvement of microrheological properties of erythrocytes appearing as significant decrease of rigidity index of erythrocytes and of their aggregation. Basing on these findings we concluded that improvement of fluidity of erythrocytes promoting facilitation of blood flow efficacy in microcirculatory vascular bed can be a supplementary reason for administration of atorvastatin to patients with AH and DLP.

[Protective role of cobalt complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanine in acute nitrite intoxication and endotoxic shock in an experiment].

There is currently an active search for effective agents to regulate the content of nitric oxide (NO) in the body. One of the ways of reducing its blood concentration may be the binding of NO by different complexions that comprise the metal complexes of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of synthetic metal complexes of porphyrin and phthalocyanine in acute nitrite intoxication and endotoxic shock. The findings suggest that both study samples of the synthetic metal complexes have not prevented hemolytic anemia in acute nitrite intoxication and endotoxic shock; however, they have shown potential sorption properties against nitrate ions in the blood and brain of experimental animals, which may be the subject of a further study.

[Impact of prolonged nitrite intoxication on the erythrocytic system of pregnant rats and their progeny].

Pregnant rats with nitrite intoxication have less erythropenia than those without this intoxication. Under the influence of sodium nitrite, fetuses have stimulated erythropoiesis. These changes preserve in one-day rats. By the 21st day of life, there is erythropenia due to the exhaustion of erythropoietic reserves.

[Erythrophagocytosis in rats long receiving sodium nitrite and alpha-tocopherol].

The effect of tocopherol in a dose of 150 mg/kg on the activity of erythrophagocytosis was studied in vitro during long-term nitrite intoxication. With sodium nitrite intake, activation of the cellular mechanisms of erythrodieresis was observed in all periods of an experiment, which caused blood cell changes. Administration of tocopherol in the presence of nitrite intoxication was found to reduce the phagocytic activity of macrophages, which prevented the development of anemia.

[Outpatient diagnosis of oxidant stress in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disturbance in metabolic syndrome].

AIM: To compare lipid peroxidation (LPO), (NO)-endothelium system in disorders of glucose tolerance (DGT) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial included 178 patients with DGT and DM2 within MS (WHO, 1999). The control group consisted of 40 healthy subjects free of MS. Mean age of the examinees was 52.26 +/- 0.79 years. Four groups of patients were identified. Group 1--34 patients with DM2 running for 6.73 +/- 1.01 years; group 2--92 patients with newly diagnosed DM2; group 3--52 patients with DGT; group 4--healthy controls matched by sex and age. 139 (78.1%) females and 39 (21.9%) males had impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Measurements were made of blood pressure, fasting and postprandial glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoproteins, dienic conjugates, malonic dialdehyde in erythrocytes and blood plasm. NO-endothelium system was assessed by concentration of nitrate-ions in plasm and erythrocytes, count of circulating desquamated endotheliocytes (CDE). RESULTS: A significant rise of LPO was seen depending on severity and duration of carbohydrate disbolism in all the patients compared to the controls. Concentration nitrate-ions of plasm and erythrocytes increases in newly diagnosed DM2 and DGT. In long-lasting DM2 NO3 in plasm and erythrocytes falls. Count of CDE elevates reaching maximum in DM2 running for 6.73 +/- 1.01 years. CONCLUSION: MS patients at the stage of DGT demonstrate intensified LPO, elevated concentration of the end metabolites NO-nitrates and conditions for endotheliocytes desquamation. These processes promote early development of angiopathy in DM. DGT are reversible, therefore, these MS patients are perspective for prophylaxis. The presence of oxidant stress in such patients should be considered in prescription of relevant medication.

[Erythrodieresis in nitrite intoxication of varying duration in rats]. / Eritrodierez u krys pri nitritnoi intoksikatsii razlichnoi dlitel'nosti.

We studied cellular mechanisms of erythrophagocytosis on day 3, 7, 14 and 21 after sodium nitrite administration in a dose 0.2 g/l using the technique of peritoneal macrophages and autologous erythrocytes cultivation. At any terms of the experiment erythrophagocytosis activation was observed, the number of macrophages, adhering erythrocytes and macrophages with phagosomes and hemoglobin inclusions was increased.

[Red blood cell system in albino rats exposed to long-term nitrite intoxication]. / Sostoianie éritrotsitarnoi sistemy belykh krys pri dlitel'noi nitritnoi intoksikatsii.

The long-term intake of nitrates at a concentration of 0.2 g/l in animals affects erythrocytic parameters. The nature of this effect depends on the duration of intoxication. There are three-phase changes in the concentrations of red blood cells and hemoglobin, which accompany the substantial changes of the functional characteristics of erythrocytic membranes. The intensification of erythropoiesis developing under such conditions is based on erythroidal hyperplasia of the red bone marrow and spleen and it is of compensatory significance, by ensuring the recovery of the parameters of the erythrocytic composition by the end of the experiment.