The effect of psyllium on fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, HOMA IR, and insulin control: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

There is equivocal evidence that psyllium can prevent or attenuate increases in fasting blood sugar. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the influence of psyllium on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR). We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus for eligible publications, up to 15 July 2022, including randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the effect of psyllium on HbA1c, FBS, insulin, and HOMA IR levels in adults. Using a random effects model, we report the weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In this article, 19 RCT studies, consisting of 962 participants, were included. Psyllium significantly decreased FBS, HbA1c, and HOMA IR levels, but not insulin levels, as compared to placebo (FBS: WMD): -6.89; 95% CI: -10.62, -3.16; p < .001), HbA1c: (WMD: -0.75; 95% CI: -1.21, -0.29; p < .001), HOMA IR: (WMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -2.11, -0.23; p < .05), and insulin: (WMD: -2.08; 95% CI: -4.21, -0.035; p > .05)). Subgroup analyses illustrated differences in the effects of psyllium on FBS: dosages less than and more than 10 g/d showed significant differences (p value < 0.05). However, it was not significant in intervention durations less than 50 days (p value > 0.05). For HbA1c: psyllium consumption less than 10 g/d (p value > 0.05) was non-significant. For HOMA IR and insulin: no significant changes were noted with psyllium consumption less than vs. more than 10 g/d. In conclusion, we found that psyllium could significantly decrease FBS, HbA1c, and HOMA IR levels, but not insulin levels, as compared to placebo.

Anti-inflammatory-antioxidant modifications and synbiotics improved health-related conditions in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: A single-center, randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is growing evidence that dietary modification can improve clinical manifestations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study aimed to assess the impact of synbiotics and anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet on fatigue, pain, gut and bladder status, and sexual function in patients with progressive forms of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, seventy participants with three forms of progressive MS (primary-progressive, secondary-progressive, and progressive-relapsing) were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics supplement and anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet or a placebo along with their usual diet for a duration of four months. Modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS), global pain scale (GPS), bladder control scale (BLCS), bowel control scale (BWCS), and sexual satisfaction scale (SSS) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the trial. RESULTS: Sixty-nine participants successfully completed the trial, resulting in a 98% adherence rate to the diet, and no reports of serious side effects. Significant mean changes were observed in fatigue (Δ for experimental group = -10.5 ± 10.8 vs. Δ for control group = -0.08 ± 4.1; P < 0.001), pain (-14.1 ± 19.0 vs. 0.9 ± 10.3; P < 0.001), bladder (-0.76 ± 2.1 vs. 0.3 ± 1.1; P = 0.013) and bowel (-6.6 ± 3.2 vs. -0.05 ± 2.3; P < 0.001) control, as well as sexual function (-1.0 ± 2.3 vs. 0.51 ± 0.21; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and synbiotics co-supplementation demonstrated improvements in fatigue, pain, sexual function, and bowel/bladder status among patients with progressive MS.

Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Current evidence has demonstrated that patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have dysbiotic gut microbiomes, and anti-inflammatory nutritional interventions can normalize this status. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary intervention in patients with progressive forms of MS. METHODS: Seventy patients with three forms of progressive MS (primary-progressive, secondary-progressive, and progressive-relapsing) were randomly assigned into intervention (daily synbiotics capsule plus anti-inflammatory-antioxidant rich diet) or control (placebo capsule plus dietary recommendations) groups for four months. Faecal calprotectin level, Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and anthropometric measurements were evaluated at baseline and trial cessation. Analysis of covariance was conducted and adjusted for age, gender, education level, family history & duration of MS, type of progressive MS, type of main drug, and physical activity. RESULTS: Sixty-nine participants were included in the final analysis (n of intervention = 34; n of control = 35). Synbiotics and dietary intervention significantly reduced Faecal calprotectin level after six months (110.5 ± 75.9-44.7 ± 49.3 É¥g/g, P < 0.001), and mean changes were statistically significant in comparison with control group. However, intervention did not elicit any change in the anthropometric measurements. CONCLUSION: Synbiotics supplementation and adherence to an anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet reduced intestinal inflammation and improved clinical manifestations in progressive forms of MS.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20141108019853N7..

The effects of Mediterranean diet on severity of disease and serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in patients with Parkinson's disease: a single center, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) as one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders may be affected by healthy dietary pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean Diet (MeD) on serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and disease severity in PD patients.Materials & Methods: In this single-center randomized clinical trial, patients with idiopathic PD (n = 80) were selected randomly allocated to either MeD or control group (Iranian traditional diet); an individualized dietary plan based on the MeD was designed. Serum TAC and the motor & non-motor disease aspects using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were evaluated in two groups. Statistical Analysis of data was performed using SPSS 24.Results: 70 PD patients with a mean age of 58.96 ± 8.7 and UDPRS of 41.66 ± 20.19 were analyzed in this study. MeD significantly increased serum TAC (P < 0.001). UPDRS score was also lowered in MeD group (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Mediterranean diet seems to have some benefits in PD. as well, TAC levels can also be affected by MeD. Anyway, further studies are needed to confirm the mentioned outcomes.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20141108019853N4.

The effects of olive oil and cholesterol enriched diets on aortic fatty streak development and lipid peroxidation in rabbits.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: High plasma cholesterol levels, mainly low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) is a widely recognized major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). According to epidemiologic studies' findings, people from the Mediterranean countries have lower CHD rates than other countries; in these countries the usual diet is high in olive oil. The present study compares the effects of a cholesterol-enriched diet with or without adding olive oil on serum lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, and atherosclerosis development. METHODS: Twenty Dutch male rabbits were categorized into four groups (one group as control, and others as experimental). They received one of control (CON), olive oil-rich (OIL), cholesterol-rich (CHOL), and cholesterol + olive oil (COIL) diet for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples from the heart were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. RESULTS: Means of serum lipids were not significantly different at the beginning of the experimental period. After the intervention, significant differences were shown in total cholesterol (TC) (CON: 27.75 ± 4.83, OIL: 19.75 ± 2.62, CHOL: 1757.20 ± 149.62, COIL: 2906.40 ± 421.01; P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (CON: 16 ± 1.47, OIL: 10.25 ± 1.70, CHOL: 22.2 ± 3.83, COIL: 28.60 ± 6.27; P = 0.04), triglyceride (CON: 65 ± 12.21, OIL: 71.75 ± 6.23, CHOL: 244.2 ± 44.45, COIL: 775.6 ± 105.07; P < 0.001), and MDA between groups (CON: 0.57 ± 0.10, OIL: 0.63 ± 0.15, CHOL: 5.62 ± 0.18, COIL: 2.06 ± 0.64; P < 0.001). The comparison of CHOL and the COIL groups showed a higher mean of malondialdehyde (MDA) in group CHOL (4.47 ± 0.28 vs 1.1 ± 0.6; P < 0.001). Aortic lesion was not observed in CON and OIL groups. Aortic lesion degree was significantly lower in the COIL group compared to the CHOL (2.4 ± 0.6 vs 3.66 ± 0.33; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings showed the preventive effect of olive oil on atherosclerosis development. However, it is independent of the plasma lipoprotein effect, and olive oil probably acts on arteries directly.

Effect of garlic powder supplementation on blood pressure and hs-C-reactive protein among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Based on the anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive properties of garlic, the current study was designed to evaluate the garlic powder effects on blood pressure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) among Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease patients (NAFLD). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was conducted on 110 patients with NAFLD. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, receiving two tablets of either 400 mg garlic or placebo daily for 15 weeks. At baseline and the end of the study, blood pressure and hs-CRP were determined. Of 110 patients enrolled in the trial, 98 subjects were included in the final analysis. After the intervention, systolic blood pressures (SBP) (mean: -7.89; 95%CI:‒11.39 to -4.39 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mean: -5.38; 95%CI: -7.77 to -3 mm Hg), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (mean: -6:95%CI: -8.4 to -3.6 mm Hg) decreased significantly in the garlic group as compared to the placebo group. Also, the percentage of reduced hs-CRP was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (mean: -16.1; 95%CI: -32.7 to -0.53; p = .035). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the percentage change in hs-CRP and percentage changes in SBP (r = 0.221; p = .029), DBP (r = 0.166; p = .012), and MAP (r = 0.210; p = .038). Garlic supplementation can be a safe and potentially adjunct treatment to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disorders in patients with NAFLD.

The effect of soy products on circulating adiponectin and leptin concentration in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Human clinical trials that have investigated the effect of soy product consumption on adipokines have reported inconsistent results. Our objective was to elucidate the role of soy product consumption on adiponectin and leptin in adults through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomised placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: The systematic search included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EmBase, Google Scholar and Cochrane database from inception to July 2020. Human clinical trials that reported the effect of soy product consumption on leptin and adiponectin were included. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated by the random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were reported using standard methods. Quality assessment was performed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RESULTS: Overall, 13 RCTs with 824 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our analysis showed that soy product consumption did not significantly affect leptin (WMD: 0.01 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.16, 0.18; P = .88) and adiponectin (WMD: -0.09 ng/mL; 95% CI, -0.29, 0.12; P = .39) concentration in comparison with control. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the effect remained non-significant when analysed by study design, participant demographics and intervention characteristics. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool, seven studies were considered good quality and six studies were fair. CONCLUSION: The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that soy product consumption had no significant effect on leptin and adiponectin levels in adults. However, future larger and well-designed trials are still needed to further explore this research area and to address the heterogeneous study design used in the existing literature.

Probiotics Against Viruses; COVID-19 is a Paper Tiger: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Probiotics can improve immune function leading to the prevention and management of viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease). METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science up to May 2020 to identify interventional & observational studies documenting the effects of probiotics on incidence, severity, duration, and other clinical manifestations of viral infections, especially SARS-CoV-2-induced. RESULTS: From a total of 91 records, 24 studies were obtained and classified into three domains based on the efficacy of probiotics on 1) shortening the period and severity of infections (n=9), 2) incidence (n=6), and 3) other clinical complications that may be followed by viral disorders (n=9). Identified probiotics have positive effects on the mentioned domains. CONCLUSION: Based on the evidence, some probiotic strains may be useful in SARS-CoV-2 infection; randomized trials are needed to show the facts.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and severity of stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease.

Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Many studies suggest that dietary antioxidant can offer significant protection against stroke, heart failure, and coronary heart disease. However, there is no study that assessed the association between dietary TAC and severity of stenosis in patients with CVD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary TAC and severity of stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Dietary and medical History of 160 patients with CAD were assessed. The extent of Stenosis was determined using the Gensini score. Dietary history was investigated by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and Dietary TAC was calculated by multiplying the average frequency of intake of each food by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) content. Results: Across the Gensini score quartiles the dietary TAC, dietary hydrophilic TAC, dietary lipophilic TAC, and dietary phenolic TAC values were significantly increased in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile (dietary TAC (mmolTE/100 g):17.5 ± 1.82 vs. 11.2 ± 1.90; dietary hydrophilic TAC (mmolTE/100 g): 16.56 ± 1.29 vs. 10.74 ± 1.81; dietary lipophilic TAC (mmolTE/100 g): 0.55 ± 0.12 vs. 0.23 ± 0.09; dietary phenolic TAC (mmolTE/100 g):1.84 ± 0.31 vs. 0.98 ± 0.21; (P < 0.001 for all)). However, a non-significant association between the plasma TAC and Gensini quartiles was observed (P = 0.789). Multivariate regression analysis showed that dietary TAC (Beta = -0.53; P < 0.001) was statistically significant independent predictors that associated with the Gensini score values. Conclusions: There was a significant association between dietary TAC and severity of stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease.

Therapeutic Effects of Garlic on Hepatic Steatosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Emerging evidence suggests that garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its bioactive components can mitigate hepatic steatosis by the modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the garlic administration on hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted on adult patients with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. Eligible participants were randomly assigned, with the use of the stratified blocked procedure, to receive 800 mg garlic or placebo for 15 weeks. The primary outcome was the improvement in the hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound technique after 15 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: A total of 110 patients underwent randomization, and 98 patients completed the trial. Twenty-four (51.1%) patients in the garlic group achieved improvement in the hepatic steatosis compared to eight (15.7%) patients in the placebo group with the relative risk of 5.6 (95% CI: 2.17 to 14.5; P=0.001), which remained significant after adjusting for baseline value of hepatic steatosis. There were significant reductions in weight and serum ALT, AST, FBS, Hb A1C, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and TG concentration with the garlic intake compared to placebo (P<0.05). The results were also significant after adjusting for weight change, energy intake, and physical activity. No serious adverse effects were observed with the garlic intake. CONCLUSION: The intake of garlic powder was accompanied by a significant improvement in the hepatic steatosis and comorbidity related to this condition among subjects with NAFLD.

The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, fatigue, and clinical symptoms in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Based on the antiinflammatory properties of garlic, current study was conducted to evaluate the garlic supplement effects on serum levels of some inflammatory biomarkers, clinical symptoms, and fatigue in women with active rheumatoid arthritis. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study, 70 women with RA were randomly divided into two groups: The intervention group was supplemented with 1,000 mg of garlic, and the control group received placebo for 8 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the study, clinical symptoms, fatigue, serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined. After intervention, serum levels of CRP (p = .018) and TNF-a (p < .001) decreased significantly in the garlic group as compared with the placebo group. Also, pain intensity, tender joint count, disease activity score (DAS-28), and fatigue were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < .001; for all). Swollen joint count was significantly decreased in the garlic group (p < .001), but not in the placebo group (p = .123). No significant changes were observed for ESR. Garlic supplementation by improving inflammatory mediators and clinical symptoms can be considered as a potential adjunct treatment in patients with RA. However, further studies with larger duration are needed.

The effect of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized clinical controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is proposed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet might have a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of PD and its complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Mediterranean diet on cognitive function in patients with PD. DESIGN: The study was a single-center, randomized clinical trial. Eighty patients with idiopathic PD were randomly allocated to the Mediterranean diet (n = 40) or control (n = 40) group. Patients in the intervention group received an individualized dietary plan based on Mediterranean diet for 10 weeks. The Persian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used to assess the cognitive function at baseline and the end of the study. RESULTS: Thirty-five PD patients with a mean age of 59.3 ±â€¯8.3 and 35 patients with a mean age of 58.6 ±â€¯9.3 finished the study in intervention and control groups, respectively. After the intervention, the mean score of the dimensions of executive function, language, attention, concentration, and active memory and the total score of cognitive assessment significantly increased in the intervention compared with the control group (p < 0.05, for all). Nevertheless, the mean of the other scores including spatial-visual ability, memory learning task, and navigation versus time and place did not significantly change in both intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet remarkably increased the dimensions of executive function, language, attention, concentration, and active memory and finally the total score of cognitive assessment in PD patients.

The effects of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have found that garlic supplementation can improve antioxidant status, however, there is no definitive consensus on this context. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress markers. SETTING: We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of relevant articles indexed in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2019 to identify eligible RCT studies. To compare the effects of garlic with placebo, weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were pooled based on the random-effects model. Quality assessment was performed using a Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RESULTS: Overall, 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 317 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool, five studies were considered as good quality and two studies were fair. We found that garlic supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD =11.03 mmol/L; 95 % CI: 4.78, 17.28 mmol/L; P < 0.001) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (WMD = -1.88 mmol/L; 95 % CI: -3.30, -0.46 mmol/L; P = 0.01) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: In summary, the current meta-analysis indicated that garlic supplementation might improve oxidative stress markers. However, these findings are incomplete due to the paucity of studies, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed in this field to confirm the effect of garlic supplement on oxidative stress markers.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, evaluating the garlic supplement effects on some serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

AIM: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a prevalent immune-inflammatory disease, which is associated with disabling pain. Oxidative stress might play a role in RA pathogenesis and outcomes. According to the antioxidant properties of garlic, the current study was performed to evaluate the garlic supplement effects on some serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Seventy women with RA participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, receiving two tablets of either 500 mg garlic or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and quality of life were determined at baseline and end of week 8. A health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) was used to evaluate the quality of life related to health. RESULTS: Of 70 patients enrolled in the trial, 62 subjects were included in the final analysis. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in serum levels of TAC in the garlic group as compared with the placebo group (26.58 ± 77.30 nmol of Trolox equivalent/ml vs 16.11 ± 0.92 nmol of Trolox equivalent/mL; P = .026). In addition, MDA levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (-0.82 ± 1.99 nmol/mL vs 0.36 ± 2.57 nmol/mL; P = .032). Pain after activity and HAQ scores decreased in the garlic group compared with the placebo (-11.96 ± 13.43 mm vs -0.06 ± 13.41 mm; P < .001, 0.17 ± 20 vs 0.05 ± 0.15; P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that garlic supplementation for 8 weeks resulted in significant improvements in oxidative stress, HAQ in women with RA.

The effect of a Mediterranean diet on metabolic parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Dietary habit can play a key role in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although many studies have investigated the effect of Mediterranean diet on NAFLD, findings are inconsistent and there is no systematic review on this topic. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize the effect of Mediterranean diet on serum metabolic indices and anthropometric measures among NAFLD patients. METHODS: We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of articles indexed in Science Direct, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases up to October 2018 to identify eligible RCT studies. Randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of MD on NAFLD were included. RESULTS: The present study included 10 randomized controlled trials, which involved a total of 856 adults with NAFLD. According to the result, MD may improve anthropometric measures, lipid profile, glycemic indices, liver enzyme, and NAFLD severity indices among patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSION: We found that MD could alleviate NAFLD severity parameters but differences between studies should be taken into account. Finally, in order to draw a firm link between MD and NAFLD, more clinical trials with adequate sample size and better methodology should be done.

Association of dietary patterns with systemic inflammation, quality of life, disease severity, relapse rate, severity of fatigue and anthropometric measurements in MS patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with changes in quality of life, disability, fatigue and anthropometric measurements. The important relationship of dietary patterns with such clinical manifestations was not completely investigated. Aims: The goal of this study was to define the dietary patterns and their association with systemic inflammation, Health-Related Quality Of Life, disease severity, Relapse Rate, severity of fatigue and anthropometric measurements in MS subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 261 MS patients (mean age 38.9 ± 8.3). Dietary patterns were explored by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Serum hs-CRP, Multiple Sclerosis Quality Of Life-54 item questionnaire, Extended Disability Status Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and Visual Analog Fatigue Scale, Relapse Rate, Height, Weight and Deurenberg Equation were also used as tools. Data were analyzed by SPSS24, and using ANOVA, Tukey, Chi-square and ANCOVA tests. Results: Fruits, Vegetables, Low fat dairy-based pattern and Mediterranean-Like pattern were associated with lower serum hs-CRP (F = 6.037, P adjusted < 0.01), higher Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores (P adjusted < 0.001), lower attacks (F = 4.475, P adjusted < 0.05), lower acute and chronic fatigue (F = 5.353 and F = 7.011, respectively, P adjusted < 0.01), lower BMI (F = 7.528, P adjusted < 0.01) and Percent Body Fat (F = 6.135, P adjusted < 0.01); but no difference was observed about EDSS across the patterns. Conclusions: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns may reduce systemic inflammation, severity of fatigue, MS attacks, improved quality of life and balance weight especially body fat in MS patients.

Effects of curcumin on cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight adolescent girls: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Obese adolescents are at higher risk of development of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity in later life. Dietary intake of antioxidants, particularly curcumin, as an active ingredient of turmeric extract, may have noticeable effects on obesity and its important complications such as cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of curcumin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese female adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial; Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: 60 adolescent girls (aged 13-18 years) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or intervention. The adolescents were asked to consume one 500 mg tablet per day, containing either standardized 95% turmeric extract or placebo, and to undergo a weight maintenance or a mild weight loss diet for 10 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were assessed at the baseline and the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Curcumin supplementation had beneficial effects on body mass index (P = 0.019), waist circumference (P = 0.008), hip circumference (P = 0.030), high-density lipoprotein levels (P = 0.042) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio (P = 0.021). However, in univariate analysis of covariance, no significant differences were found between the intervention and placebo groups after 10 weeks of supplementation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of curcumin supplementation along with use of a slight weight loss diet might have beneficial effects on some cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese female adolescents. Larger clinical trials with higher curcumin doses and longer duration are needed to confirm the results from the current study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20171107037302N1.

Effects of curcumin on cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight adolescent girls: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Obese adolescents are at higher risk of development of cardiovascular risk factors and obesity in later life. Dietary intake of antioxidants, particularly curcumin, as an active ingredient of turmeric extract, may have noticeable effects on obesity and its important complications such as cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of curcumin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese female adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial; Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: 60 adolescent girls (aged 13-18 years) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or intervention. The adolescents were asked to consume one 500 mg tablet per day, containing either standardized 95% turmeric extract or placebo, and to undergo a weight maintenance or a mild weight loss diet for 10 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical indices were assessed at the baseline and the end of the intervention. RESULTS: Curcumin supplementation had beneficial effects on body mass index (P = 0.019), waist circumference (P = 0.008), hip circumference (P = 0.030), high-density lipoprotein levels (P = 0.042) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio (P = 0.021). However, in univariate analysis of covariance, no significant differences were found between the intervention and placebo groups after 10 weeks of supplementation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prescription of curcumin supplementation along with use of a slight weight loss diet might have beneficial effects on some cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese female adolescents. Larger clinical trials with higher curcumin doses and longer duration are needed to confirm the results from the current study. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20171107037302N1

Effects of curcumin supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress among healthy overweight and obese girl adolescents: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: It is well known that there is a strong linkage between obesity, systemic low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in the pediatric population. Possible strategies that might control obesity and its relevant problems in this crucial group are of utmost importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplements on inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemerin levels in adolescent girls. METHODS: Totally, 60 overweight and obese adolescent girls were randomly assigned to either placebo or intervention group in a randomized placebo-controlled parallel trial design. Adolescents consumed one 500-mg curcumin or placebo per day along with a slight weight loss diet for 10 weeks. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), chemerin levels, and anthropometric measurements were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. RESULTS: Curcumin supplementation had a significant effect on IL-6 levels and oxidative stress markers including TAC and MDA in crude model. After controlling the effects of confounders, curcumin supplementation had a substantial effect on inflammation (hs-CRP and IL-6) and oxidative stress (TAC) marker of adolescents. DISCUSSION: Ten weeks of curcumin supplementation had beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress markers among postpubescent overweight and obese girl adolescents.

Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Mood Status and Inflammation in Vitamin D Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Women with Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D plays an important role in nervous health and depression. Vitamin D deficiency and anxiety affect diabetic status. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anxiety, depression, and inflammation in diabetic women with anxiety. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, totally 51 women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and vitamin D deficiency were randomly allocated to receive one oral pearl of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (26 women) or a placebo (25 women) fortnightly for 16 weeks. Anthropometric indices, sun exposure, dietary intake, depression, anxiety, and stress scores and biochemical biomarkers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured at the baseline and after 16-week supplementation. RESULTS: Mean ± SD age of participant was 47.43 ± 9.57 years old. Baseline values were not different between the groups. Anxiety score changes were significantly lower in vitamin D group than the controls (P = 0.001). Within group comparison indicated that depression in supplement group with lower vitamin D levels was significantly reduced. Serum hs-CRP reduced (P = 0.01), while IL-10 concentrations increased (P = 0.04) in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation can improve mood status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in female diabetics with anxiety and vitamin D deficiency.