ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that consuming fruit and vegetable can lower the risk of several cancers, including breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. AIMS: The present study aims to investigate the in vitro anticancer effects of Shahani and Asgari grape seed extract (GSE) grown in Malayer City of Iran on HL-60 cancer. However, to the best of the author's knowledge, it is the first time in this study that the antiproliferative effect of Shahani and Asgari GSE is compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Shahani and Asgari GSE Was extraction white method of Liquid/liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Then assessing cytotoxic activities of Shahani and Asgari GSE on the HL-60 cells was tested using MTT assay. RESULTS: The results show that compared with the control group, seed extract of both Shahani and Asgari at the various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) had a significantly inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation that was dose dependent. However, Shahani GSE at different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µg/ml) indicated a significantly higher inhibitory effect compared to Asgari GSE. In addition, GSE can induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 cells. Furthermore, GSE of Asgari and Shahani remarkably increased the induction of HL-60 cell apoptosis depending on its dose. However, at the concentration of 200 µg/ml, GSE induced cell necrosis rather than apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Seed extract of both Shahani and Asgari at the various concentrations had a significantly inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation that was dose dependent.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Apoptosis , Grape Seed Extract/pharmacology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology , Vitis/chemistry , Antioxidants , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Proliferation , HL-60 Cells , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapyABSTRACT
In this research, synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a series of catecholthioethers having benzoxazole and tetrazole moieties are described. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against three Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolated), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecium (clinical isolated), and two Gram-negative bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical isolated) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 and the yeast Candida albicans in comparison with control drugs. Microbiological results indicated that the synthesized compounds possessed a broad spectrum of activity against the tested microorganisms at MIC values between 4-256 µg/ml. This shows compounds having tetrazole moiety were the most active against Gram-negative strains, whereas compounds having benzoxazole moiety were more active against Gram-positive ones. Also both of them showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans and had lower activity than the compared control drugs (Sulfamethoxazole and Fluconazole). The antioxidant activity was assessed using two methods, including, 1,1-biphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays. Some of the catecholthioether derivatives showed antioxidant activity more than Trolox and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as reference antioxidants.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Benzoxazoles/chemistry , Ethers/chemistry , Tetrazoles/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemical synthesis , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Candida albicans/drug effects , Ethers/chemical synthesis , Ethers/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Picrates/chemistryABSTRACT
In the presence of 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole as a nucleophile, electrochemical oxidations of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes have been investigated in aqueous solution using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The voltammetric results indicate that an electrooxidative/Michael-type sequential reaction occurs between the mercaptide anion and the electrochemically generated benzoquinones leading to the corresponding polyfunctional tetrazolic thioethers. The mechanism of electrochemical reaction is proved as an EC pathway using controlled-potential coulometry. In addition, the electrosyntheses of tetrazolic thioethers have been successfully performed in ambient conditions in an undivided cell using an environmentally friendly method with high atom economy.
