ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate bioelectrical function of inner retinal layers measured by PERG in normal tension glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 50 eyes of 30 patients with normal tension glaucoma the following examinations were performed: history, routine ophthalmic examination, standard static perimetry and pattern ERG test. RESULTS: The most frequent abnormalities were incorrect N95/P50 amplitude ratio and increase latency of N95-wave. In analyzed glaucoma patients sensitivity of PERG test was 50% and specificity 87%. CONCLUSIONS: In normal tension glaucoma, the ganglion cells dysfunction is present and can be detected with PERG test. PERG can be additional useful diagnostic test in patients with normal tension glaucoma, particulary for those with difficult to cooperate.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography/methods , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/pathology , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Humans , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The goal of our study was to determine the value of electrophysiological tests in early and differential diagnosis of some hereditary retinal and optic nerve diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review article on the basis of own experiences and results of another authors concerning to EOG, ERG, PERG, MfERG and VEP tests in evaluation of hereditary, stationary and progressive retinal diseases, as well as optic nerve diseases. RESULTS: Electrophysiological tests can be abnormal even in patients without fundus changes seen in routine ophthalmological examination. CONCLUSIONS: Electrophysiological tests are useful in early and differential diagnosis of some hereditary retinal and optic nerve diseases. General ophthalmologists should remember about its application, especially in difficult diagnostic cases.
Subject(s)
Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/genetics , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/genetics , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Electrophysiology/methods , Electroretinography/methods , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Humans , Neurologic Examination/methods , Optic Atrophies, Hereditary/diagnosis , Optic Atrophies, Hereditary/genetics , Pattern Recognition, VisualABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the retinal function in BRCA1 gene mutation carriers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty unaffected patients (60 eyes) with constitutional BRCA1 gene mutation were studied. Flash ERG recordings were performed in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards. RESULTS: In ERGs, in the maximal response, amplitude of a-wave (p<0.02) was reduced. In the cone single- flash response, the amplitude of a-wave (p<0.04) was also reduced. In the scotopic oscillatory potentials (OPs), we noted: increased amplitude of OP2 (p<0.0006), increased index of OP amplitude (01+02+03+04) (p<0.04), and increased latencies of OP1 (<0.05) and OP3 (p<0.004) and OP4 (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Slight dysfunction of rods, cones and inner retinal layers is present in asymptomatic carriers of BRCA1 gene mutation.
Subject(s)
Genes, BRCA1 , Mutation , Retinal Diseases/genetics , Adult , Electroretinography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Visual Acuity/geneticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of ophthalmological tests in detection of the optic neuropathy associated with pituitary tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 38 patients with pituitary tumours in 21-73 years old, were examined. Routine ophthalmological examination, kinetic and static perimetry (screening test, "white-on-white" and "blue-on-yellow") and PVEP were performed. RESULTS: In patients with recurrent tumours (group II) more changes was observed in routine ophthalmological examination, perimetry and PVEP compared to patients with early detected pituitary tumours (group I). No patient of group I present changes in routine ophthalmological examination, but they had visual field defects and/or abnormal PVEP. In group I in Ps B-Y more visual field defects was detected than in kinetic perimetry (p<0.025). In the same group hemifield PVEP was more often abnormal than full-field PVEP (p<0.01). In group II similar differences were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pituitary tumours the most useful test in the optic neuropathy diagnosis are "blue-on-yellow" static perimetry and hemifield PVEP.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/instrumentation , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Pituitary Neoplasms/complications , Prolactinoma/complications , Adult , Aged , Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology , Female , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pituitary Neoplasms/metabolismABSTRACT
Localization and clinical characteristics of the ocular metastases of solid tumours are presented. Choroid is the most common localization site of these metastases, however they may involve each ocular structure. In the most cases they are diagnosed in patients with earlier recognized cancer, but in 12-40% of the patients ocular metastasis is a first sign of the neoplasm. Therapy is focused to save the eye function or last but not least to improve patient's status.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/secondary , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is, to characterize ocular metastases of solid extraocular tumors and analyze the frequency and localization of their primary sites, according to literature data of 1967-2002 years. The most common source of this metastases are breast, lung and prostate cancers in adults and neuroblastoma in children. Practically used diagnostic ways of ocular metastases in many cases omit histopathology investigation and for this reason in some cases, particularly with coexistence of hereditary cancer predisposition, second primary tumors may be misdiagnosed, as the distant--time ocular metastases.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology , Eye Neoplasms/secondary , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Incidence , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Melanoma/secondary , Neoplasms, Unknown Primary/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Urogenital Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To asses the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) function measured by EOG testing in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Our preliminary EOG results suggested dysfunction of the RPE in individuals with NF-1. In order to confirm our initial results we performed EOG examination on a larger group of NF-1 patients. PATIENTS: Studies were performed on 36 patients with clinically diagnosed NF-1 and compared to normal healthy controls. METHODS: Standard EOG recordings were performed in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards. RESULTS: In NF-1 patients the Arden indexes of the EOG test were significantly higher primarily due to the lower values of dark troughs. Supernormal EOGs (exceeding the value of the mean + 2 SD from the control group) were present in 58% of NF-1 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunction of the RPE is a characteristic feature of individuals with NF-1.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess retinal function in HNPCC gene mutation carriers. PATIENTS: 19 carriers (38 eyes) of HNPCC genes and controls. METHODS: Electro-oculogram, standard flash electroretinogram and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) recordings were performed. RESULTS: In the total group of HNPCC gene mutation carriers examined by oscillatory potentials, reduced amplitude (p < 0.0004) and increased latency (p < 0.04) of the O3 wave and increased latency (p < 0.02) of the O4 wave were found. In the subgroup of carriers with hMLH1 gene mutation, reduced amplitudes of the O3 (p < 0.0005) and O4 (p < 0.04) waves were identified. In the total group of HNPCC gene mutation carriers examined by PERG, reduced amplitudes of the P50 (p < 0.003), N95 (p < 0.02) and abnormal N95/P50 ratio (p < 0.02) were revealed. In the subgroup of hMLH1 gene mutation carriers, reduced amplitude of the P50 (p < 0.04) and abnormal N95/P50 ratio (p < 0.02) were observed, whereas in the hMSH2 gene mutation carrier subgroup, reduced amplitude (p < 0.03), shortened latency of the P50 wave (p < 0.02) and reduced amplitude of the N95 wave (p < 0.03) were found. CONCLUSION: Constitutional dysfunction of the inner retina appears to be a characteristic feature of HNPCC gene mutation carriers.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/physiopathology , Germ-Line Mutation , Retina/physiology , Retinal Diseases/physiopathology , Adult , Electrooculography , Electroretinography , Female , Humans , Male , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Photic StimulationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the retinal function in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL). PATIENTS: Studies were undertaken in 12 patients (17 eyes) with detected VHL gene mutation and 12 normal healthy controls (17 eyes). METHODS: Pattern ERG (PERG), standard flash electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were performed in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards. RESULTS: In VHL patients, electrophysiological statistically significant changes were found. In PERG examination, increased latency of P50 was found in the total VHL group (p < 0.02) and in the VHL subgroup with retinal angiomas (p < 0.04). In ERG examination, photopic b-wave latency was increased in the total VHL group (p < 0.03) and also in the VHL subgroup without retinal angiomas (p < 0.05). In OPs, latency increase of OP2, OP3 waves and reduced amplitude of OP3 wave in the total VHL group (OP2 latency, p < 0.05; OP3 latency, p < 0.01; OP3 amplitude, p < 0.03) and in the VHL subgroup with retinal angiomas (OP2 latency, p < 0.02; OP3 latency, p < .008; OP3 amplitude, p < 0.02) were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: It can be hypothesized that dysfunction of the inner retinal layer is present in individuals with VHL disease even in patients without retinal angiomas.
Subject(s)
Hemangioma/physiopathology , Retina/physiology , Retinal Neoplasms/physiopathology , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/physiopathology , Adult , Electroretinography/methods , Female , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Photic Stimulation , Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/diagnosisABSTRACT
AIM: To assess the retinal function in BRCA1 gene mutation carriers and to evaluate the clinical significance of its potential alterations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Flash electroretinogram (ERG) was studied in 15 unaffected patients (30 eyes) with constitutional BRCA1 gene mutation. Routine ophthalmological examination was additionally performed in the oldest, unaffected 15 patients and in 15 breast cancer patients being carriers of BRCA1 mutation. RESULTS: In ERGs, in the maximal response, a-wave (p < 0.03) and b-wave (p < 0.05) amplitudes were reduced. In the cone single-flash response, the amplitude of a-wave (p < 0.007) was also reduced. In the oscillatory potentials (OPs), increased amplitude of OP2 (p < 0.03), and increased latencies of OP3 (p < 0.0009) and OP4 (p < 0.03) were obtained. BRCA1 carriers even at old age or after treatment of breast cancer have not presented increased frequency of abnormalities detectable by routine ophthalmological examination. CONCLUSION: It can be hypothesized that dysfunction of rods, cones and inner retinal layers is present in asymptomatic carriers of BRCA1 gene mutation; however, this does not have clinical consequences.
Subject(s)
BRCA1 Protein/genetics , Electroretinography/methods , Eye/physiopathology , Mutation , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Electrophysiology , Female , Humans , Membrane Potentials/physiology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Examination of retinal function as measured by flash electroretinogram (ERG) including oscillatory potentials (OPs) and pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in a series of patients with unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma. PATIENTS: Studies were undertaken in the retained eye (without clinical evidence of retinoblastoma) of 13 patients with sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma and in 13 healthy controls. METHODS: Standard flash ERG including scotopic OPs and PERG recordings were performed in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the studied and the control groups were observed with flash ERG (OP1 amplitude increase, p < 0.003; photopic flicker amplitude increase, p < 0.05) and PERG (P50 latency increase, p < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Inner retinal layer dysfunction may be a characteristic feature of individuals with unilateral sporadic retinoblastoma.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Retina/physiopathology , Retinal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Retinoblastoma/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Age of Onset , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/physiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical use of the unfolder in cataract surgery with foldable IOL implantation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty eyes of 40 patients were analysed. In all patients cataract phacoemulsification was performed. Silicon IOL were implanted through corneal incision 2.8-3.0 mm using unfolder. RESULTS: One month after surgery, in the most of patients visual acuity 0.8-1.0 was received. Rapid visual rehabilitation was obtained (about 3 weeks). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed in only a few cases. No one patient had lens optic damage. CONCLUSIONS: The unfolder provides easy and safe IOL implantation. It is very useful in small incision surgery.
