Nanofat Cell Aggregates: A Nearly Constitutive Stromal Cell Inoculum for Regenerative Site-Specific Therapies.

BACKGROUND: Recent technology developed by Tulip Medical Products allows clinicians to mechanically disaggregate fat tissue into small fat particles known as nanofat. The present study aimed to evaluate the cell yield obtained from nanofat generation in comparison to traditional methods involving enzymatic dissociation (stromal vascular fraction). METHODS: Nanofat preparations were characterized by cell content and viability, based on DNA quantification and image cytometry, respectively. DNA analysis was also used to determine the cell content in unprocessed dry lipoaspirate and native adipose tissue (excised adipose tissue). To evaluate cell yield, the authors compared the number of cells recovered from 1 g of lipoaspirate between stromal vascular fraction and nanofat preparations, and subsequently determined the final cell inoculum obtained following their respective protocols. RESULTS: The data showed that nanofat samples presented a cell burden of 7.3 million cells/g, close to 80 percent of unprocessed dry lipoaspirate, and 70 percent of native excised adipose tissue. Moreover, cell viability was not altered by mechanical disaggregation in nanofat samples compared to unprocessed dry lipoaspirate. Nanofat samples exhibited a cell yield of 6.63 million cells/g lipoaspirate, whereas stromal vascular fraction preparations resulted in only 0.68 million cells/g lipoaspirate. The final cell inoculum obtained from stromal vascular fraction isolation was 120 million cells and it required 200 to 250 cc of raw lipoaspirate as starting material, whereas nanofat preparation resulted in 125 million cells with only 20 cc of raw lipoaspirate. CONCLUSION: Mechanical disaggregation offers a better cell inoculum than conventional enzymatic dissociation methods by using 10 times less fat tissue as starting material and delivering a higher cell yield.

Thermal Jeans Fragmentation within ~ 1000 AU in OMC-1S.

We present subarcsecond 1.3 mm continuum ALMA observations towards the Orion Molecular Cloud 1 South (OMC-1S) region, down to a spatial resolution of 74 AU, which reveal a total of 31 continuum sources. We also present subarcsecond 7 mm continuum VLA observations of the same region, which allow to further study fragmentation down to a spatial resolution of 40 AU. By applying a Mean Surface Density of Companions method we find a characteristic spatial scale at ~ 560 AU, and we use this spatial scale to define the boundary of 19 'cores' in OMC-1S as groupings of millimeter sources. We find an additional characteristic spatial scale at ~ 2900 AU, which is the typical scale of the filaments in OMC-1S, suggesting a two-level fragmentation process. We measured the fragmentation level within each core and find a higher fragmentation towards the southern filament. In addition, the cores of the southern filament are also the densest (within 1100 AU) cores in OMC-1S. This is fully consistent with previous studies of fragmentation at spatial scales one order of magnitude larger, and suggests that fragmentation down to 40 AU seems to be governed by thermal Jeans processes in OMC-1S.

Complex Organic Molecules tracing shocks along the outflow cavity in the high-mass protostar IRAS 20126+4104.

We report on subarcsecond observations of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the high-mass protostar IRAS 20126+4104 with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in its most extended configurations. In addition to the simple molecules SO, HNCO and H213CO, we detect emission from CH3CN, CH3OH, HCOOH, HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CN, CH3COCH3, NH2CN, and (CH2OH)2. SO and HNCO present a X-shaped morphology consistent with tracing the outflow cavity walls. Most of the COMs have their peak emission at the putative position of the protostar, but also show an extension towards the south(east), coinciding with an H2 knot from the jet at about 800-1000 au from the protostar. This is especially clear in the case of H213CO and CH3OCH3. We fitted the spectra at representative positions for the disc and the outflow, and found that the abundances of most COMs are comparable at both positions, suggesting that COMs are enhanced in shocks as a result of the passage of the outflow. By coupling a parametric shock model to a large gas-grain chemical network including COMs, we find that the observed COMs should survive in the gas phase for ∼ 2000 yr, comparable to the shock lifetime estimated from the water masers at the outflow position. Overall, our data indicate that COMs in IRAS 20126+4104 may arise not only from the disc, but also from dense and hot regions associated with the outflow.

Reproducible Volume Restoration and Efficient Long-term Volume Retention after Point-of-care Standardized Cell-enhanced Fat Grafting in Breast Surgery.

UNLABELLED: Lipoaspirated fat grafts are used to reconstruct volume defects in breast surgery. Although intraoperative treatment decisions are influenced by volume changes observed immediately after grafting, clinical effect and patient satisfaction are dependent on volume retention over time. The study objectives were to determine how immediate breast volume changes correlate to implanted graft volumes, to understand long-term adipose graft volume changes, and to study the "dose" effect of adding autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells to fat grafts on long-term volume retention. METHODS: A total of 74 patients underwent 77 cell-enhanced fat grafting procedures to restore breast volume deficits associated with cosmetic and reconstructive indications. Although all procedures used standardized fat grafts, 21 of the fat grafts were enriched with a low dose of SVF cells and 56 were enriched with a high SVF cell dose. Three-dimensional imaging was used to quantify volume retention over time. RESULTS: For each milliliter of injected fat graft, immediate changes in breast volume were shown to be lower than the actual volume implanted for all methods and clinical indications treated. Long-term breast volume changes stabilize by 90-120 days after grafting. Final volume retention in the long-term was higher with high cell-enhanced fat grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative immediate breast volume changes do not correspond with implanted fat graft volumes. In the early postoperative period (7-21 days), breast volume increases more than the implanted volume and then rapidly decreases in the subsequent 30-60 days. High-dose cell-enhanced fat grafts decrease early postsurgical breast edema and significantly improve long-term volume retention.