Eficácia e Segurança de Regorafenibe em Pacientes com Características de Bom Prognóstico no Tratamento do Câncer Colorretal Metastático: Análise de Subgrupo do Estudo CORRECT / Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in Patients with Characteristics of Good Prognosis in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Subgroup Analysis of CORRECT Study / Eficacia y Seguridad de Regorafenib en Pacientes con Características de Buen Pronóstico en Tratamiento del Cáncer Colorrectal Metastásico: Análisis de Subgrupo del Estudio CORRECT

Introdução: O câncer colorretal (CCR) é o segundo mais incidente e, quando metastático, apresenta taxa de sobrevida de 14% em cinco anos. Regorafenibe é um inibidor de tirosina-quinase (ITQ) aprovado para CCR metastático (CCRm) com aumento comprovado de sobrevida global (SG). Objetivo: Explorar resultados de eficácia e segurança de regorafenibe em pacientes com CCRm e características de bom prognóstico (CBP). Método: Análise de subgrupo do estudo CORRECT, com participantes divididos de acordo com CBP, seguindo os critérios: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0, tempo de doença metastática maior que 18 meses, até três sítios metastáticos e ausência de metástase hepática. Eficácia comparada com teste de log-rank estratificado e hazad ratios (HR) calculados com o modelo de Cox. Resultados: Dos 760 participantes randomizados, 292 (34,5%) apresentavam CBP; 185 (63,4%) receberam regorafenibe; 107 (35,6%), placebo. Para o grupo CBP, a mediana SG foi 10,9 meses (IC95%:8,8-12,3) para regorafenibe e 7,3 meses (IC95%:5,6-9,1) para placebo, com 39% de redução no risco de morte (HR 0,61; IC95%:0,43-0,88; p=0,0069). A mediana de sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) foi de 3,5 meses (IC95%:3,0-3,9) versus 1,8 mês (IC95%:1,7-1,8) respectivamente, com 61% de redução no risco de progressão da doença ou morte (HR 0,39; IC95%:0,30-0,52; p<0,0001). Os eventos adversos graus 3 e 4 foram mais frequentes para regorafenibe. Após definição de valor basal para escores de qualidade de vida (EQ-5D), estes decaíram menos para regorafenibe comparados com placebo (0,687 versus 0,592) com diferença significativa de 0,09. Conclusão: Pacientes com CBP que receberam regorafenibe melhoraram SG e SLP com menor deterioração da qualidade de vida comparado com placebo

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common and when metastatic, it has a five-year survival rate of 14%. Regorafenib is an approved TKI for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with a proven increase in overall survival (OS). Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety results of regorafenib in patients with mCRC and good prognostic characteristics (GPC). Method: Subgroup analysis of the CORRECT study, with participants divided according to GPC, following the criteria: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0, duration of metastatic disease greater than 18 months, up to three metastatic sites and absence of liver metastasis. Efficacy compared with stratified log-rank test and hazard ratios (HR) calculated with the Cox model. Results: Of the 760 participants randomized, 292 (34.5%) had GPC; 185 (63.4%) received regorafenib; and 107 (35.6%) received placebo. For the GPC group, the median OS was 10.9 months (95%CI:8.8-12.3) for regorafenib and 7.3 months (95%CI:5.6-9.1) for placebo, with 39% of reduction of the risk of death (HR 0.61; 95% CI:0.43-0.88; p=0.0069). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.5 months (95%CI:3.0-3.9) versus 1.8 months (95%CI:1.7-1.8) respectively, with 61% of reduced risk of disease progression or death (HR 0.39; 95%CI:0.30-0.52; p<0.0001). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events were more frequent for regorafenib. After setting baseline for quality of life scores (EQ-5D), these declined less for regorafenib compared to placebo (0.687 versus 0.592) with a significant difference of 0.09. Conclusion:GPC patients who received regorafenib improved OS and PFS with less deterioration of quality-of-life compared to placebo

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el segundo más frecuente y cuando presenta metástasis tiene una supervivencia a los cinco años del 14%. Regorafenib es un inhibidor de la tirosina quinasa (ITQ) aprobado para CCR metastásico (CCRm) con un aumento comprobado en la supervivencia general (SG). Objetivo: Explorar los resultados de eficacia y seguridad de regorafenib en pacientes con CCRm y características de buen pronóstico (CBP). Método: Análisis de subgrupos del estudio CORRECT, con participantes divididos según CBP, siguiendo los criterios: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0, duración de la enfermedad metastásica mayor a 18 meses, hasta tres sitios metastásicos y ausencia de metástasis hepática. Eficacia comparada con la prueba de log-rank estratificada y hazad ratios (HR) calculados con el modelo de Cox.Resultados: De los 760 participantes aleatorios, 292 (34,5%) tenían CBP; 185 (63,4%) recibieron regorafenib; 107 (35,6%) recibieron placebo. Para el grupo de CBP, la mediana de SG fue de 10,9 meses (IC95%:8,8-12,3) para regorafenib y de 7,3 meses (IC95%:5,6-9,1) para placebo, con una reducción del riesgo de muerte del 39% (HR 0,61; IC95%:0,43-0,88; p=0,0069). La mediana de supervivencia libre de progresión (PFS) fue de 3,5 meses (IC95%:3,0-3,9) frente a 1,8 meses (IC95%:1,7-1,8) respectivamente, con un 61% de riesgo reducido de progresión de la enfermedad o muerte (HR 0,39; IC95%:0,30-0,52; p<0,0001). Los eventos adversos de grado 3 y 4 fueron más frecuentes con regorafenib. Después de establecer la línea de base para las puntuaciones de calidad de vida (EQ-5D), estas disminuyeron menos con regorafenib en comparación con placebo (0,687 frente a 0,592) con una diferencia significativa de 0,09. Conclusión: Los pacientes con CBP que recibieron regorafenib mejoraron la SG y la SLP con un menor deterioro en la calidad de vida en comparación con el placebo

Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Newly Diagnosed Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Brazil: the Need for Liver Disease Screening Programs Based on Real-World Data.

PURPOSE: Describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and establish their history in the Brazilian public health system. METHODS: Retrospective observational study was conducted using the database from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DataSUS). Patients with at least one claim of HCC between July/2011 and June/2016 were included. A record linkage methodology was performed to obtain longitudinal data across different databases. Demographic and clinical data were evaluated, including the time elapsed between diagnosis of HCC risk-factors and the cancer development. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 28,822 HCC cases were identified between July/2011 and June/2016. Mean age was 59.7 years (SD = 14.7), and most patients were men (55.9%). The highest relative number of HCC cases was detected in the south of Brazil (> 20 cases/100,000 inhabitants). About 86.5% of the patients had diagnosis of HCC without previous liver diseases. Only 8% had diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis and 3.5% cirrhosis. About 76% were diagnosed at an advanced stage, and only 11% of the patients had early stage HCC. Approximately 58% of patients with previous underlying liver diseases were diagnosed at early stages, compared with only 24% of patients without prior record of underlying diseases. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of HCC in the Brazilian public health is usually made in patients with no previous diagnosis of liver disease and in advanced stages, when no curative treatment is available and survival rates are low. Public health policies are key for the screening and monitoring liver disease and, consequently, HCC.