Protein deficiency during Trichinella spiralis infection impairs lung immunity against newborn larvae.

The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of a protein-deficient (PD) diet on antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro against newborn larvae (NBL) of Trichinella spiralis in the lungs of infected rats. Two groups of weaning Wistar rats received a PD diet (6.5% casein) and other two received a control diet (C, 20% casein). After ten days, one group of each diet was infected (PDI and CI ) with muscle larvae. Lung tissue extracts (LTE) and lung cell suspension (LCS) were obtained. PDI had lower titres of anti-NBL antibodies in LTE than CI . In ADCC assays using control cells, NBL mortality percentage was lower with LTE from PDI than LTE from CI (P < .01). In assays using control cytotoxic sera, ADCC was exerted by LCS from CI at all days post-infection (p.i.), but only by LCS from 13 days p.i. from PDI . ADCC assays combining LTE and LCS from the same group showed a lower response for PDI than for CI (P < .0001). LCS from PDI contained lower numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and FcεRI+ cells than CI . PD may diminish ADCC activity against T spiralis NBL in lungs through alterations in specific antibodies and effector cells.

Oil quality in sea-level quinoa as determined by cultivar-specific responses to temperature and radiation conditions.

BACKGROUND: There is renewed interest in quinoa as a potential source of vegetable oils; however, there is no information about how environmental conditions affect its fatty acid composition, a critical indicator of its oil quality. The fatty acid concentrations of four cultivars adapted to temperate environments were compared at three sowing dates to evaluate the effect of environmental conditions during the seed-filling period on the variation in oil quality. RESULTS: The interaction between cultivar and sowing date was the main source of variation explaining the changes in the lipid content and fatty acid concentrations in quinoa. Most of the variation in the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids was attributed to the temperature and solar radiation during the seed-filling period; cultivar-specific responses to photo-thermal conditions were observed among the sea-level quinoa cultivars evaluated. CONCLUSION: The lipid content and concentration of fatty acids in quinoa are affected by sowing date. This effect is exerted through changes in temperature and solar radiation conditions. This managing practice can therefore be used to achieve quinoa oil with different qualities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Protein malnutrition impairs the immune control of Trichinella spiralis infection.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to analyze the effect of a protein-deficient diet on mucosal and systemic immunity during a Trichinella spiralis infection. METHODS: Two groups of weaning Wistar rats received a protein-deficient diet (6.5% casein) and the other two groups received a control diet (20% casein). After 10 d, one group of each diet was infected (PDI and CI) with muscle larvae (infecting stage). Food intake and body weight were assessed over time. Blood eosinophils counts, antibodies in serum, and tissue extracts were assessed at different days postinfection. Histologic studies were done in the lungs and intestines, and adult worm (AW) fecundity index score and muscle parasite burden were determined. RESULTS: Food and protein intake were lower in PDI than in CI. Body weight was lower in PDI than in a non-infected protein-deficient diet. Eosinophils counts were lower in PDI than in CI. Total and specific antibodies were lower in PDI than CI. PDI had a reduced number of mast and goblet cells in the lungs and intestines compared with CI. The persistence of AW in the intestines and migrant larvae at the lungs was longer in PDI than in CI.. The AW fecundity index score was higher in PDI than in CI. Finally, PDI evidenced a higher muscular parasite burden than CI. CONCLUSIONS: Protein deficiency affects the mucosal and systemic immune response to Trichinella spiralis and delays the expulsion and increases the fecundity index score of AW, which leads to a higher parasite burden in the muscles.

[Comparative study between two different sources of n-3 poliunsaturated fatty acids and it effect on thymus and lipid profile in rats]. / Estudio comparativo entre dos fuentes alimentarias aportadoras de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 y su efecto sobre el timo y el perfil lipídico de ratas.

In the present paper we analyzed the effect caused by different recovery diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-3) on thymus and serum lipid pattern. Severe depleted weanling Wistar rats (D) were divided in three groups that received during 10 days a 20% casein diet supplemented with EPA+DHA (group Cas), a 20% protein milk diet prepared using a commercial reduced-fat product enriched with linolenic and linoleic acids (group L) and a 20% casein diet as control group C. Cas and L gave each other 24 mg/day of PUFA n-3 being the ratio n-6/n-3 8.1/1 and 7.6/1, respectively. Thymus was removed and weighted and cell number were determined; blood was recollected and Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol fractions and myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, araquidonic, EPA and DHA fatty acid concentrations were measured in serum. Statistical analysis was performed using Anova test. Cell number were higher (p<0.01) in Cas (44.48+/-8.20) and in L (56.45+/-14.72) when compared to group D (1.80+/-0.70) and group C (23.70+/-4.04). L presented lower values of cholesterol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and higher values of triacylglycerol (p<0.05) when compared to Cas, being EPA (p<0.05) and DHA (p<0.01) higher in Cas. Being PUFA n-3 contribution the same in Cas and L, both diets were able to reverse the thymic athropy presenting a different hipolipemic behavior due to the different sources of PUFA n-3 used in the diets.

Estudio comparativo entre dos fuentes alimentarias aportadoras de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 y su efecto sobre el timo y el perfil lipídico de ratas / Comparative study between two different sources of n-3 poliunsaturated fatty acids and it effect on thymus and lipid profile in rats

En este trabajo se estudia el efecto que diferentes dietas de recuperación enriquecidas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (AGPI n-3) producen sobre el timo y el perfil lipídico sérico. Ratas Wistar con desnutrición proteica severa al destete (grupo D) fueron divididas en tres grupos que recibieron durante 10 días dieta a base de caseína al 20% suplementada con EPA+DHA (grupo Cas), dieta al 20% de proteína preparada usando una leche en polvo parcialmente descremada enriquecida en ácidos linoleico y linolénico (grupo L) y dieta a base de caseína al 20% (grupo control C). Cas y L aportan cada una 24 mg/día de AGPI n-3 siendo la relación n-6/n-3 de 8.1/1 y 7.6/1, respectivamente. Se extrajo y pesó el timo, determinándose el recuento de timocitos; se extrajo sangre midiéndose en suero: colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL y LDL-colesterol y los ácidos: mirístico, palmítico, esteárico, oleico, linoleico, linolénico, araquidónico, EPA y DHA. La información se analizó aplicando test de Anova. El recuento de timocitos de Cas (44.48±8.20) y L (56.45±14.72) fue superior (p<0.01) al de los grupos D (1.80±0.70) y C (23.70±4.04). L presentó concentraciones séricas de colesterol, HDL y LDLcolesterol menores (p<0.01) y triglicéridos mayores (p<0.05) que Cas, siendo EPA (p<0.05) y DHA (p<0.01) superiores en Cas. A igual aporte de AGPI n-3, ambas dietas lograron revertir la atrofia tímica presentando un efecto hipolipemiante diferente condicionado a las fuentes de AGPI n-3 utilizadas.

In the present paper we analyzed the effect caused by different recovery diets enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-3) on thymus and serum lipid pattern. Severe depleted weanling Wistar rats (D) were divided in three groups that received during 10 days a 20% casein diet supplemented with EPA+DHA (group Cas), a 20% protein milk diet prepared using a commercial reduced-fat product enriched with linolenic and linoleic acids (group L) and a 20% casein diet as control group C. Cas and L gave each other 24 mg/day of PUFA n-3 being the ratio n-6/n-3 8.1/ 1 and 7.6/1, respectively. Thymus was removed and weighted and cell number were determined; blood was recollected and Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol fractions and myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, araquidonic, EPA and DHA fatty acid concentrations were measured in serum. Statistical analysis was performed using Anova test. Cell number were higher (p<0.01) in Cas (44.48±8.20) and in L (56.45±14.72) when compared to group D (1.80±0.70) and group C (23.70±4.04). L presented lower values of cholesterol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and higher values of triacylglycerol (p<0.05) when compared to Cas, being EPA (p<0.05) and DHA (p<0.01) higher in Cas. Being PUFA n-3 contribution the same in Cas and L, both diets were able to reverse the thymic athropy presenting a different hipolipemic behavior due to the different sources of PUFA n-3 used in the diets.

La bioquímica en los estudios de nutrición / Biochemical parameters and nutritional status

Los parámetros bioquímicos reúnen ventajas comparativas respecto a las observaciones clínicas, antropométricas y encuestas alimentarias ya que, debido a su característica de responder a alguna alteración medible y directamente relacionada al estado nutricional, se comportan como indicadores funcionales. Si una serie de indicadores funcionales se combinan en forma adecuada, constituyen una verdadera radiografía metabólica del momento en que se realiza el estudio y proporcionan perfiles nutricionales que permiten identificar a los individuos en situación de riesgo. Se detallan parámetros que permiten detectar tempranamente deficiencias globales o específicas, a fin de poder establecer una terapia racional basada en un diagnóstico certero (AU)

La bioquímica en los estudios de nutrición / Biochemical parameters and nutritional status

Los parámetros bioquímicos reúnen ventajas comparativas respecto a las observaciones clínicas, antropométricas y encuestas alimentarias ya que, debido a su característica de responder a alguna alteración medible y directamente relacionada al estado nutricional, se comportan como indicadores funcionales. Si una serie de indicadores funcionales se combinan en forma adecuada, constituyen una verdadera radiografía metabólica del momento en que se realiza el estudio y proporcionan perfiles nutricionales que permiten identificar a los individuos en situación de riesgo. Se detallan parámetros que permiten detectar tempranamente deficiencias globales o específicas, a fin de poder establecer una terapia racional basada en un diagnóstico certero

Efecto de los acidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 PUFA sobre el timo de ratas con deplecion proteica severa / Effect of n-3 PUFA plyunsatured fatty acids on the thymus of rats submetted to severe protein depletion

Se estudia el efecto de la malnutrición proteica severa y la posterior recuperación nutricional sin y con el agregado de (n-3) PUFA, sobre el timo de ratas en período de crecimiento activo. Se determina recuento celular, población T total y actividad de adenosina deaminasa (ADA) y purina nucleósido fosforilasa (PNP). La deprivación proteica several al destete provova un frenado en la proliferación y maduración celular del timo junto con el aumento de la actividad de las enzimas ADA y PNP. La administración de la dieta de caseína al 20 por ciento durante 9 días, sólo fue suficiente para revertir el efecto observado sobre la actividad de las enzimas estudiadas. La suplementación con 24mg/d de n-3 PUFA permite restablecer la proliferación y la maduración celular tímica. (AU)

Efecto de los acidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 PUFA sobre el timo de ratas con deplecion proteica severa / Effect of n-3 PUFA plyunsatured fatty acids on the thymus of rats submetted to severe protein depletion

Se estudia el efecto de la malnutrición proteica severa y la posterior recuperación nutricional sin y con el agregado de (n-3) PUFA, sobre el timo de ratas en período de crecimiento activo. Se determina recuento celular, población T total y actividad de adenosina deaminasa (ADA) y purina nucleósido fosforilasa (PNP). La deprivación proteica several al destete provova un frenado en la proliferación y maduración celular del timo junto con el aumento de la actividad de las enzimas ADA y PNP. La administración de la dieta de caseína al 20 por ciento durante 9 días, sólo fue suficiente para revertir el efecto observado sobre la actividad de las enzimas estudiadas. La suplementación con 24mg/d de n-3 PUFA permite restablecer la proliferación y la maduración celular tímica.