Primary T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Vagina.

The primary vaginal T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare form of lymphoma. Most of the previously published cases were about B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We present the case of a vaginal mass in an 82-year-old patient presenting vaginal bleeding. The results of the immunohistological studies of the mass revealed the presence of a cytotoxic T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is the least common subtype.

Treadmill running and swimming imposes distinct cardiovascular physiological adaptations in the rat: focus on serotonergic and sympathetic nervous systems modulation.

Physical exercise may improve the metabolic and haemodynamic responses, but the beneficial effects seem to depend on intensity, duration and muscular mass recruitment, which may vary between different types of protocols. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of two distinct moderate/long-term aerobic training protocols in the normal Wistar rat, the treadmill running and the swimming, on several important parameters related to cardiovascular (CV) physiological adaptations, namely: lipid profile, haemorheological measures, lipid peroxidation, peripheral serotonergic system (SS) modulation and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. In both groups under training an HDL-c increment versus the sedentary control was demonstrated. There was a noticeable increase in ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the exercised rats, together with higher PDW and MPV values. The RBC patterns were altered in both groups under training; in the swimming one, however, significantly higher RBC and HCT and lower MCH and MCHC values were found, suggesting renovation of the RBCs. Plasma and platelet SS measures were generally higher in both groups under training, being noticeably relevant the 5-HT and 5-HIAA increment in the treadmill. In opposition, concerning the plasma and platelet NE and E concentrations, the rise was remarkably higher in the rats under a swimming protocol. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that, despite the similar beneficial effects on lipid profile, different aerobic exercise protocols may produce distinct CV physiological adaptations. Therefore, treadmill running was more influent than swimming concerning peripheral SS modulation while swimming was more important on SNS activation, thus recommending a judicious choice of the protocol to be tested in works which make use of rat models of exercise to study physiological or pathophysiological conditions.

[Renal synchronous tumor: association of renal adenocarcinoma and transitional tumor of renal pelvis, in the same kidney, an exceptional discovery]. / Tumor sincrónico renal: asociación de adenocarcinoma renal y tumor transicional de pelvis renal, en el mismo riñón, un hallazgo excepcional.

The renal cell tumour supposes 1% of the adult's tumors, while the transitional carcinoma has an incidence of 7%. The simultaneous appearance of a carcinoma of renal cells, and a transitional tumour of pelvis in the same kidney, they suppose an exceptional fact not existing but of 30 cases published in the world, presenting an approximate incidence of 0.14% of the pathology renal tumoral. We present a new case of this unusual association that supposes the 4 case indexed in the literature in Spanish.

Curative isosorbide-5-mononitrate treatment, in opposition to the beneficial preventive one, aggravates the prothrombotic and proconstrictor state in cyclosporine-induced hypertensive rats.

1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of preventive and curative isosorbide-5-mononitrate (Is-5-Mn) treatment on the development of hypertension, cGMP content, thromboxane (TX) A(2)/prostaglandin (PG) I2 balance, the peripheral serotonergic system, platelet activation, lipid peroxidation and plasma lipids in cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced hypertensive rats. 2. Control, CsA (5 mg/kg per day) and Is-5-Mn (150 mg/kg per day, b.i.d.) rat groups were treated orally over a period of 7 weeks. The preventive Is-5-Mn group (Is-5-Mn + CsA) was first treated for 2 weeks with Is-5-Mn, followed by 7 weeks with both drugs; the curative Is-5-Mn group (CsA + Is-5-Mn) was treated for a period of 7 weeks with CsA and with both drugs for an additional 5 weeks. The control group received oral vehicle. 3. Whereas in the group undergoing preventive treatment the CsA-induced increase in blood pressure (BP), compared with the control group, was avoided, in the group undergoing curative treatment, the increase in BP was even higher. The decreased arterial cGMP content in the CsA group was prevented and reverted when Is-Mn was administered either preventatively or curatively with CsA. Platelet TXA2 production, although unaffected in the Is-5-Mn + CsA group, was significantly higher in the CsA + Is-5-Mn group compared with the group receiving CsA alone. Furthermore, plasma TXA2 was reduced following preventive Is-5-Mn treatment, but was worsened in the group undergoing curative therapy. Aortic PGI2 synthesis was identical in all groups. Consequently, the TXA2/PGI2 ratio was only altered in the CsA + Is-5-Mn group, demonstrating a markedly higher value. In both groups treated simultaneously with CsA and Is-5-Mn, a higher platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content was obtained compared with CsA treatment alone, but only preventive treatment with Is-5-Mn resulted in a significant reduction in plasma 5-HT. Changes in ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation paralleled those of plasma 5-HT and TXA2: the hyperaggregation profile of the CsA group, although partially prevented, was not reverted by simultaneous treatment with Is-5-Mn and CsA. Lipid peroxidation and lipid profile values also worsened in the CsA + Is-5-Mn group compared with the group administered CsA alone. 4. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of concomitant Is-5-Mn and CsA treatment were demonstrated when Is-5-Mn was administered preventatively because not only was arterial hypertension prevented, but platelet aggregation and plasma TXA2 and 5-HT levels were also reduced. In contrast, following curative treatment, the BP, platelet/vascular vasoconstrictor balance, lipid peroxidation and plasma lipids were aggravated, recommending a judicious evaluation of the impact of nitrate therapy throughout the period of its administration.

Tumor sincrónico renal: asociación de adenocarcinoma renal y tumor transicional de pelvis renal, en el mismo riñón, un hallazgo excepcional / Renal synchronous tumor: association of renal adenocarcinoma and transitional tumor of renal pelvis, in the same kidney, an exceptional discovery

El tumor de células renales supone el 1% de los tumores del adulto, mientras que el carcinoma transicional tiene una incidencia del 7%. La aparición simultánea de un carcinoma de células renales, y un tumor transicional de pelvis en el mismo riñón, suponen un hecho excepcional no existiendo más de 30 casos publicados en el mundo, presentando una incidencia aproximada del 0,14% de la patología tumoral renal. Presentamos un nuevo caso de esta inusual asociación que supone el 4caso referenciado en la literatura en español (AU)

The renal cell tumour supposes 1% of the adult’s tumors, while the transitional carcinoma has an incidence of 7%. The simultaneous appearance of a carcinoma of renal cells, and a transitional tumour of pelvis in the same kidney, they suppose an exceptional fact not existing but of 30 cases published in the world, presenting an approximate incidence of 0.14% of the pathology renal tumoral. We present a new case of this unusual association that supposes the 4 case indexed in the literature in Spanish (AU)

[Benign retroperitoneal schwannoma. Incidental diagnostic in patient with hematuria of the percusionist]. / Schwannoma retroperitoneal benigno. Diagnostico incidental en paciente con hematuria del percusionista.

The incidence of retroperitoneal primitive tumour varies from the 0.3 to 3%. The sarcomas suppose the group but it frequents of retroperitoneal tumour, being the Schwannoma an unusual tumour with an incidence from 1% to 50% of the retroperitoneal primary tumours. The schwannoma also denominated neurinoma or neurolenoma, it is a derived tumour of the cells of Schwann of the outlying nerves. It is characterized by their clinical and radiological inespecify, being the diagnose pathological, with intense positive inmunohistoquimics to the protein S-100. The election treatment is the surgical remove, with wide margins; not being described cases of malignización neither of metastasis at distance, but if the recurrence existence at probably secondary local level to incomplete resection.

Schwannoma retroperitoneal benigno. Diagnostico incidental en paciente con hematuria del percusionista / Benign retroperitoneal schwannoma, I diagnose incidental in patient with hematuria of the percusionist

La incidencia de neoplasias retroperitoneales primitivos varía del 0,3 al 3%. Los sarcomas suponen el grupo mas frecuente de neoplasias retroperitoneales, siendo el Schwannoma un tumor inusual con una incidencia del 1% al 5% del los tumores retroperitoneales primarios. El schwannoma también denominado neurinoma o neurolenoma, es un tumor derivada de las células de Schwann de los nervios periféricos. Se caracteriza por su inespecificidad clínica y radiológica, siendo el diagnostico patológico, con intensa positividad inmunohistoquímico a la proteína S-100. El tratamiento de elección es la exéresis quirúrgica, con márgenes amplios; no estando descrito casos de malignización ni de metástasis a distancia, pero si la existencia de recurrencia a nivel local probablemente secundaria a resección incompleta (AU)

The incidence of retroperitoneal primitive tumour varies from the 0,3 to 3%. The sarcomas suppose the group but it frequents of retroperitoneal tumour, being the Schwannoma an unusual tumour with an incidence from 1% to 5% of the retroperitoneal primary tumours. The schwannoma also denominated neurinoma or neurolenoma, it is a derived tumour of the cells of Schwann of the outlying nerves. It is characterized by their clinical and radiological inespecify, being the diagnose pathological, with intense positive inmunohistoquimics to the protein S-100. The election treatment is the surgical remove, with wide margins not being described cases of malignización neither of metastasis at distance, but if the recurrence existence at probably secondary local level to incomplete resection (AU)

Fibrohistiocitoma maligno de mama / Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the breast

Los sarcomas suponen menos del 1 por ciento de los tumores malignos de mama. El fibrohistiocitoma maligno primario de mama es una entidad muy poco frecuente (AU)

[Cerebral venous thrombosis and familial prothrombin gene G20210a mutation]. / Trombosis venosa cerebral y mutación G20210A del gen de la protrombina familiar.

INTRODUCTION: The prothrombin gene variant G20210A was first described as a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis, and recently for cerebral venous thrombosis, although reported cases had other concomitant risk factors. CLINICAL CASES: A 33 years old woman, with no previous vascular nor thrombotic risk factors, was admitted with thrombosis of superior longitudinal, lateral and sigmoid right sinus. The father had deep venous thrombosis 3 years before. One year later, the 29 year old sister of the proband, developed massive deep venous thrombosis, when she was 8 months pregnant. Laboratory investigations showed elevated anticardiolipin antibodies titer in the proband. Prothrombin activity was in the normal range in the 3 patients. Prothrombin gene mutation G 20210A was detected in the 3 patients. CONCLUSION: As the presence of more than one thrombophilic factor (in the reported case, prothrombin G20210A mutation and anticardiolipin antibodies) increases the likehood of a thrombotic event, it is useful to screen for thrombotic genetic conditions, even when other vascular risks are present, and vice versa.

Physical excercise and thrombotic risk in the elderly.

UNLABELLED: Aging increases certain thrombotic risk factors, such as fibrinogen, factor VII, PAI-1 and plasma viscosity, contributing to cardiovascular diseases being the principal cause of death in developed countries. Physical exercise can counteract this tendency by influencing such factors. PURPOSE: To assess the effect of regular physical exercise on fibrinogen, factor VII, PAI-1 and plasma viscosity in an elderly group. METHODS: Sixty-three old people of both sexes, aged between 65 and 94, participated in this study, and were randomly distributed between a test group (n = 31) and a control group (n = 32). The test group followed a program of physical exercise for eight months, with an intensity of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve, composed of three weekly sessions, on alternate days, of 60 minutes each. The control group maintained their normal activity. Before the beginning of the program and eight months afterwards, blood samples were collected to assess fibrinogen, factor VII, PAI-1 and plasma viscosity. RESULTS: In the test group, fibrinogen, factor VII and plasma viscosity decreased significantly while PAI-1 showed no significant change. The control group did not present alterations in any of the parameters assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Regular physical exercise decreases thrombotic risk and may help to reduce cardiovascular events in the elderly.

Trombosis venosa cerebral y mutación G20210Adel gen de la protrombina familiar / Cerebral venous thrombosis and familiar prothrombin gene G20210a mutation

Introducción. La mutación del gen de la protrombina (variante G20210A) se ha descrito como un factor de riesgo para la trombosis venosa profunda. Más recientemente, esta mutación se ha asociado con la trombosis venosa cerebral, aunque todos los casos informados tuvieran otros factores de riesgo concomitantes. Casos clínicos. Describimos una mujer de 33 años de edad, sin factores de riesgo trombóticos vasculares, que se admitió con signos focales bilaterales y letargo. La RM mostró trombosis del seno longitudinal superior, lateral y seno sigmoideo. El padre tuvo trombosis venosa profunda tres años antes. Un año después, la hermana de 29 años desarrolló trombosis venosa profunda masiva, cuando estaba embarazada de ocho meses. Las investigaciones del laboratorio mostraron valores elevados del anticuerpo anticardiolipina en el probando. La actividad de la protrombina estaba dentro de los límites de la normalidad en los tres pacientes. La mutación G20210A del gen de la protrombina se detectó en los tres pacientes. El factor V Leiden y otras condiciones protrombóticas fueron negativas en todos los casos. Conclusión. Este caso familiar de desarrollo de trombosis venosa cerebral y profunda confirma el papel de la mutación G20210A del gen de la protrombina, como un factor predisponente para estas patologías. Como la presencia de más de un factor trombótico, en este caso, mutación G20210A del gen de la protrombina y anticuerpo anticardiolipina, incrementa la probabilidad de complicaciones trombóticas, se recomienda indagar las condiciones genéticas aun cuando están presentes otros factores de riesgo vasculares, y viceversa (AU)