ABSTRACT
Preface It was planned during preparation of the manual “Diagnostic Imaging in Clinics and Small Hospitals” (June 2011) to include detailed calculations on radiation shielding for a WHIS-RAD as an annex. However, the length of the radiation shielding calculations was such that it was decided that the manual would serve its purpose much better without any annexes. So this second manual, “Radiation Shielding for Clinics or Small Hospitals with a WHIS-RAD”, details the calculations used to determine the radiation shielding required for the minimum size room (16 square meters) that is acceptable for a WHIS-RAD X-ray unit. Adjoining spaces as well as various situations involving the staff, patients and the storage of X-ray sensitive materials (film and loaded cassettes/ digital receptors) are included. To determine the required shielding (Table 2), the calculations are based on the X-ray examinations of 3,000 patients per year as is common in small hospitals (WL=1), and also for many times that workload. Table 2, with its wide range of situations, is also a useful reference for comparing shielding requirements for similar installations...The information will be useful for health authorities, health care and non-profit donor organizations when resources are limited. Funds not spent on unnecessary radiation shielding can be better used for equipment and staffing.
Subject(s)
Radiation , Radiation Protection , HospitalsABSTRACT
Programme de formation pratique et complet destiné à n'importe quel centre ou dispensaire désireux d'enseigner au personnel de chambre noire les techniques à suivre et les précautions à prendre pour le développement des films radiographiques si l'on veut obtenir des radiographies de bonne qualité. Les instructions, exposées clairement et illustrées, couvrent point par point toutes les opérations de développement des films, depuis l'extinction des lumières dans la chambre noire, en passant par le mélange des substances chimiques, jusqu'au développement proprement dit -- révélateur, rinçage, fixage, lavage et séchage du film. Les indications sont données de façon méthodique, l'ensemble des opérations pouvant être aisément maîtrisé après une courte période de formation
Subject(s)
Radiography , X-Ray Film , HandbookABSTRACT
A manual developed for use in training operators of the WHO Basic Radiological System (BRS) unit, an inexpensive X-ray installation developed by six manufacturers in keeping with WHO specifications. The unit, which is easy to operate and to repair, produces high quality radiographs sufficient for at least 80% of the examinations needed at a university hospital. The manual offers step-by-step instructions for all phases of technical operation of the BRS unit. Readers are guided in the position of the tube, choice of cassette and its placement, collimation of the X-ray beam, and the setting of kV and mAs values. Instructions also cover the correct positioning of the patient and the proper appearance of the finished radiograph. The 100 projections featured were selected as representing virtually all radiological investigations required in a small hospital or primary care facility
Subject(s)
Radiography , HandbookABSTRACT
A complete and practical training programme for any clinic or centre interested in teaching darkroom personnel the procedures and precautions necessary to process X-ray films into high quality radiographs. Instructions, which are clearly presented and illustrated, cover every step and detail of processing, from when to switch off the lights, through the mixing of chemicals, to the exact procedures for developing, fixing, rinsing, and drying. Instructions are given in a standard order and can be easily mastered in a short training period
