ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Actinomyces and related genera are very limited in the literature. Data of predominant susceptibility profiles could contribute to the establishment of an accurate empirical treatment. METHODS: A total of 113 isolates from clinical samples were included in this study. Each isolate was identified using phenotypic methods and MALDI-TOF/MS. When discrepancies were observed, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobial agents (penicillin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and vancomycin) were tested against the species Actinotignum schaalii (n=23), Actinomyces turicensis (n=18), Actinomyces europaeus (n=13), Actinomyces naeslundii/Actinomyces viscosus group (n=12), Actinomyces urogenitalis (n=11), Actinomyces radingae (n=11), Actinomyces neuii (n=9), Actinomyces odontolyticus (n=8), Bifidobacterium scardovii (n=3), Actinomyces graevenitzii (n=2), Alloscardovia omnicolens (n=2) and Varibaculum cambriense (n=1). RESULTS: All of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and linezolid. Almost all of the A. urogenitalis isolates (8/11) were resistant to clindamycin and showed susceptibility to erythromycin, suggesting an L-phenotype, however no determinants of clindamycin resistance (lnu and lsa genes) were detected by PCR. High MIC values to quinolones were observed in 54/113 isolates (47.8%). All of the A. urogenitalis isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance to provide relevant information for empirical management of infections caused by these organisms.
Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/drug effects , Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , Actinomycosis/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Clindamycin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Actinobacteria/classification , Actinobacteria/genetics , Bacteriological Techniques , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Humans , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
We report the first case of fulminant sepsis due to Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica. This case is also the first one reported in South America. We emphasize the importance of recognizing bacteria that live in the larvae of a parasitic fly as the causative agent of severe infections in homeless patients.
Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Sepsis/microbiology , Xanthomonadaceae/isolation & purification , Aged , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Diptera/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Ill-Housed Persons , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , South America , Xanthomonadaceae/classification , Xanthomonadaceae/genetics , Xanthomonadaceae/physiologySubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins , Carbapenems/pharmacology , Disease Outbreaks , Pseudomonas Infections/epidemiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , beta-Lactam Resistance , beta-Lactamases , Argentina/epidemiology , Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Aortic Valve/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Neisseria mucosa/isolation & purification , Neisseriaceae Infections/microbiology , Adult , Alcoholism/complications , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Disease Susceptibility , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Drug Therapy, Combination , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Humans , Male , Neisseria mucosa/drug effects , Neisseriaceae Infections/drug therapy , Neisseriaceae Infections/etiology , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
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