Influence of genetic and interannual factors on the fatty acids profile of virgin olive oil.

Among olive oil nutritional benefits, it is worth mentioning its fatty acids composition with predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). We have evaluated the influence of the cultivar and interannual factors on the fatty acids profile of virgin olive oil samples obtained from 45 and 71 cultivars along three and two consecutive crop seasons, respectively. The cultivars were classified in two groups according to the fatty acids composition: (1) high content in MUFAs and moderate content in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFAs and PUFAs, respectively) and (2) moderate content in MUFAs and high content in SFAs/PUFAs. We also observed variations in the fatty acids content with the climate conditions, which can significantly alter the saturated and unsaturated profiles. Thus, a significant decrease in MUFAs and an increase in SFAs/PUFAs concentrations was found when the precipitation accumulated within the June-October period was reduced.

Disgerminoma y síndrome de Swyer / Dysgerminoma and Swyer's syndrome

El síndrome de Swyer es una disgenesia gonadal pura, con cariotipo 46XY, fenotipo femenino normal, y ausencia completa de tejido gonadal funcionante, que está representado por unas cintillas gonadales rudimentarias, bilaterales, no funcionantes, compuestas por tejido fibroso, en presencia de genitales internos femeninos normales. La forma de presentación clínica más frecuente es amenorrea primaria. En un 20 por ciento existe mutación o deleción del gen SRY. En el 80 por ciento, el SRY es aparentemente normal. El riesgo de neoplasia gonadal es alto; está indicado practicar gonadectomía profiláctica preferentemente por laparoscopia. El gonadoblastoma y el disgerminoma son las neoplasias más comúnmente asociadas

Swyer syndrome is a pure gonadal dysgenesis with a 46XY karyotype, normal female phenotype, and complete lack of functioning gonadal tissue, which is represented by bilateral, nonfunctioning, rudimentary streak gonads composed of fibrous tissue, with normal female internal genitalia. They present most often with primary amenorrhea. To date, 20 percents of these are explained by a mutation or a deletion in SRY. In 80 percents, SRY is apparently normal. The risk of gonadal neoplasia is high, dictating early prophylactic removal of these dysgenetic gonads. Laparoscopic surgery is recommended. Gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma are the most frequently reported malignancies

Field ecology of sylvatic Rhodnius populations (Heteroptera, Triatominae): risk factors for palm tree infestation in western Ecuador.

Most Rhodnius species (Triatominae) are primarily associated with palm trees. They maintain enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission and are responsible for human infection (causing Chagas disease) through the Neotropics. Assessing whether individual palm traits (ecological and/or botanical) may increase the risk of palm infestation by triatomines is relevant in areas where bugs invade houses flying from peridomestic palms. We developed a novel fieldwork approach with that objective, and applied it to study infestation by sylvatic Rhodnius ecuadoriensis in 110 tagua palms (Phytelephas aequatorialis). Palm infestation (23% overall) was non-randomly distributed in our sample. Palms located in anthropic landscapes were frequently infested (>27%, n=92), whereas no bugs were collected from palms surveyed within forest remnants (n=18; P=0.01). The presence of abundant decaying vegetable matter (P=0.001) and (to a lesser extent) epiphytic plants (P=0.049) on palm crowns and stems increased the probability of infestation and was positively correlated with the apparent density of bug colonies (R2=0.68). A trend towards higher infestation rates in male palms (34% vs. 18%) could relate to female palm management (removal of infrutescences and vegetable debris) in areas where palm seeds are harvested. An outline of 'risk palm ecotopes' and environmental management-based strategies for the control of peridomestic, palm tree-living vector populations are proposed.

Tipificación del papilomavirus como método de cribado de la patología cervical en mujeres con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Human papilloma virus typing as a screening method for cervical lesions in women with HIV infection

Objetivo: Estudio transversal que compara la técnica de tipificación del papilomavirus humano (VPH) con la citología, en el diagnóstico precoz de la neoplasia de cérvix en mujeres con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), así como la relación entre el nivel de inmunosupresión y la infección por el VPH. Material y métodos: Se seleccionó a 67 pacientes VIH-positivas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se realizaron 3 pruebas: citología, tipificación del VPH y colposcopia-biopsia. Se valoraron los factores de riesgo para la patología cervical dependiente del VPH, subtipo de VPH, tipo de lesión citológica y lesión biopsiada, cifra de CD4/mm3 y carga viral. Resultados: El 35,8 por ciento de la muestra fue positiva para el VPH, el subtipo más frecuente fue el VPH 18 (9 casos). Los factores de riesgo más fuertemente asociados a la infección por el VPH fueron los antecedentes de drogadicción, prostitución y uso infrecuente del preservativo. Hubo 22 biopsias positivas. El test de tipificación resultó más sensible que la citología (63,6 frente a 45,5 por ciento) pero menos específico. La cifra media de CD4/mm3 en pacientes VPH-positivas fue de 255,75 frente a 529,58 en VPH-negativas (p = 0,000). Conclusiones: La prueba de tipificación, asociada a la citología, aumenta la sensibilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de la neoplasia de cérvix en mujeres infectadas por el VIH. Las bajas cifras de CD4 se asociaron significativamente con presencia de lesión cervical e infección por el VPH (AU)

[Melanotic progonoma with androgenic manifestations]. / Progonoma melanótico con manifestaciones androgénicas.

The Melanotic Progonoma is not every common. It is frequent under a year of age however it has been in patients over 23 years old. It has several names. This tumor does not give metastasis, it is identified benign. It is located in several places like the anterior mediastinum, oropharynx, epididymis, particularly in the oral cavity. It is frequent in black people, less in the whites and exceptional in the indians. The kind of tumor has occasionally hormonal evident like acid vanil mandelico and androgens hypersecretion, with constant microscopic morphology. It cames from the neutral crest cells, then we think that the better name will be Neurocrestom Melanotic Infantile.