ABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivo Los ejercicios de resistencia y de cicloergómetro a alta intensidad se han utilizado en los últimos años para tratar la bradicinesia en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). El objetivo es determinar la efectividad del ejercicio de resistencia y de cicloergómetro a alta intensidad para disminuir la bradicinesia en pacientes con EP. Sujetos y métodos Se realizó una búsqueda hasta el año 2020 en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar y ScienceDirect. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica y validez interna de los estudios se utilizó la escala PEDro. Resultados Se incluyeron 10 estudios en nuestra revisión. Cinco estudios llevaron a cabo un trabajo con cicloergómetro de alta intensidad cuya duración fue de una a cinco semanas, mejorando la bradicinesia cuatro de ellos, siendo tres de manera significativa. Cuatro estudios realizaron un trabajo con resistencia (desde nueve semanas hasta 24 meses) mejorando todos la bradicinesia, siendo significativos tres de ellos. Un estudio realizó un trabajo de resistencia y cicloergómetro demostrando mejorar la bradicinesia tras 12 semanas de tratamiento. Conclusión Aunque los dos tratamientos son beneficiosos para mejorar la bradicinesia en EP con severidades leves-moderadas, en un periodo mínimo de una semana, el tratamiento con cicloergómetro a alta velocidad tiene mejoras significativas, mientras que el trabajo con resistencia lo hace a partir de nueve semanas, siendo necesarios más estudios con mejores evidencias (AU)
Background and objective Endurance and high-intensity stationary cycling exercises have been used in recent years to treat bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim is to determine the effectiveness of endurance and high-intensity stationary cycling in reducing bradykinesia in people with PD. Subjects and methods A search was conducted up to 2020 in the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect databases. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality and internal validity of the studies. Results 10 studies were included in our review. Five studies carried out high intensity stationary cycling workouts with a duration of 1 to 5 weeks, 4 of them showed improved bradykinesia, 3 of them significantly. Four studies carried out endurance exercises (from 9 weeks to 24 months) all cases of bradykinesia improved, 3 significantly. One study looked at endurance exercises and stationary cycling showing, an improvement in bradykinesia after 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusion Although both treatments are beneficial for improving bradykinesia in PD of mild-moderate severity, in a minimum period of one week, treatment with high-speed stationary cycling shows significant improvements, while endurance exercises do so from 9 weeks onwards. Further studies with better evidence are needed (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Resistance Training , Hypokinesia/etiology , Hypokinesia/rehabilitation , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/rehabilitation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Previous data that showed maintenance of reticulocyte percentage in whole blood stored in CPDA-1 have led to the assumption that reticulocyte maturation becomes arrested during refrigerated storage. However, reticulocyte behaviour in red-blood-cell units stored in additive solutions has not yet been studied. This study was thus aimed at determining reticulocyte count and reticulocyte subtypes in red-blood-cells units stored in AS-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reticulocyte percentage and subtypes were determined by flow cytometry with thiazole orange in six red-blood-cells units stored in AS-1. RESULTS: Reticulocyte count was 26.8 ± 4.6 × 10(9) /l at week 0.5 and 8.2 ± 2.9 × 10(9) /l at week 6. Total haemolysis during storage was 0.19 ± 0.08%. High-fluorescence reticulocytes were 2.0 ± 3.2 × 10(9) /l at week 0.5 and decreased by weeks 2, 4 and 6. Low-fluorescence reticulocytes were 22.1 ± 3.1 × 10(9) /l at week 0.5 and decreased by weeks 4 and 6. CONCLUSION: A significant decrease in reticulocytes occurred during red-blood-cells units' storage in AS-1. Even if it were assumed that all of haemolysed cells during storage were reticulocytes, there are a number of them whose disappearance cannot be explained by this mechanism. Changes observed in reticulocyte subtypes suggest that they mature during storage.
Subject(s)
Blood Preservation/methods , Erythrocytes/cytology , Reticulocyte Count/instrumentation , Reticulocytes/cytology , Blood Banks , Blood Preservation/instrumentation , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Reticulocyte Count/methodsABSTRACT
Six different systems of classification are compared in Child Psychiatry (ICD-9, ICD-10, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, RUTTER, Alfred Binet Centre). Some critical aspects they have exposed about the contents in each systems with practical examples. The classification systems is very different a psychopathological aspects. You emphasize the role of classificatory exercises for the training and the research, and the psychiatric case registers.
