Análisis de la condición física, composición corporal y somatotipo en deportistas colombianos / Analysis of the physical condition, body composition and somatotype in colombian athletes / Análise da condição física, composição corporal e somatotipo em atletas colombianos

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la condición física, composición corporal y el somatotipo en deportistas colombianos. Participaron 618 deportistas (Mujeres 25,89%), con edad de 14 a 22 años. Se tomaron medidas cinantropométricas y se realizaron pruebas de resistencia cardiovascular en tapiz rodante, salto squat jump y contramovimiento, flexibilidad sit and reach y abdominales en 1min. Los deportistas del grupo de deportes de marca y precisión obtuvieron el porcentaje de grasa y porcentaje de masa ósea más altos, mientras el grupo de deportes de combate fue el índice de masa corporal, la capacidad aeróbica, la fuerza de resistencia abdominal y los saltos; en el grupo de deportes de pelota fue el porcentaje de recuperación, y en el grupo de tiempo y marca, sobresalió el porcentaje de masa muscular y la flexibilidad. El somatotipo predominante fue mesomórfico. Los resultados más altos en cada variable dependieron de la disciplina deportiva practicada.

The objective of this study was to determine the physical condition, body composition, and somatotype in Colombian athletes. 618 athletes participated (Women 25.89%), from 14 to 22 years old. Cynanthropometric measurements were taken, and cardiovascular endurance tests were performed on treadmill, as well as squat jumps and counter movements, the sit and reach flexibility test and the amount of sit ups in 1 min. The athletes in the brand and precision sports group had the highest percentage of fat and bone mass, while the combat sports group had the highest body mass index, aerobic capacity, abdominal resistance strength, and jumping; in the ball sports group the highest percentage was the recovery time; and in the time and brand group, the percentage of muscle mass and flexibility stood out. The predominant somatotype was mesomorphic. The highest results in each variable depended on the sports discipline they practiced.

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a condição física, composição corporal e somatotipo em atletas colombianos. Participaram 618 atletas (Mulheres 25,89%), com idades entre 14 e 22 anos. Vinte medidas cineantropométricas foram realizadas e testes de resistência cardiovascular foram realizados em esteira, agachamento salto e contramovimento, sentar e alcançar flexibilidade e abdominais em 1 min. Atletas do grupo de esportes de marca e de precisão tiveram o maior percentual de gordura e massa óssea, enquanto o grupo de esportes de combate apresentou o maior índice de massa corporal, capacidade aeróbica, força de resistência abdominal e saltos; no grupo de esportes com bola foi o percentual de recuperação, e no grupo tempo e marca, o percentual de massa muscular e flexibilidade se destacaram. O somatotipo predominante foi o mesomórfico. Os maiores resultados em cada variável dependeram do esporte praticado.

The association between modifiable lifestyle behaviour in Latin-American schoolchildren with abdominal obesity and excess weight. A comparison of Chile and Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the association of lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet [MD] adherence, physical activity [PA], screen time [ST]) and fitness with abdominal obesity (AO) and excess weight in the Chilean and Colombian schoolchildren. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES: This cross-sectional study included 969 schoolchildren, girls (n=441, 5.24±0.80 years old) and boys (n=528, 5.10±0.78 years old) from Chile (n=611) and Colombia (n=358). The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), MD adherence, PA, ST and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were evaluated. The association of AO and anthropometric variables with lifestyle was estimated through multiple linear regression. To determine the association between AO and lifestyle, a logistic regression and the inclusion of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. RESULTS: Worse CRF in Chilean children were positively correlated with WC. Excess weight in Chilean and Colombian children was positively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. In Chilean children unhealthy lifestyle was also associated with AO based on WC≥85th percentile and AO based on WtHR≥85th percentile. In Chilean children, excess weight (BMI≥85th percentile) was positively associated with poor MD adherence. CONCLUSION: AO and excess weight were associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in Latin-American schoolchildren. Interventions to reduce the prevalence of AO should include promoting healthier lifestyle choices (i.e., increasing PA after school, reducing ST and improving CRF).

Healthy lifestyles and physical fitness are associated with abdominal obesity among Latin-American and Spanish preschool children: A cross-cultural study.

BACKGROUND: Identifying environmental factors that influence health in children are necessary to develop preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the lifestyles of children (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA), fitness and screen time (ST) with abdominal obesity (AO) of preschoolers from three Spanish-speaking countries (Chile, Colombia and Spain) with different socioeconomic levels and Human Development Index (HDI) indicators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 982 schoolchildren (aged 4-6 years; 56.8% girls) from Chile (n = 409), Colombia (n = 281), and Spain (n = 292). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), adherence to the MD, PA, ST and physical fitness were evaluated. RESULTS: Spanish preschoolers reported a lower WtHR (p < 0.001), greater physical fitness (Z-score) (p < 0.001) and higher adherence to the MD (p < 0.001) than their Chilean and Colombian peers. In addition, Colombian preschoolers had a better lifestyle (PA + ST) than their Chilean and Spanish peers (p < 0.001). Chilean preschoolers reported a higher prevalence of AO than the Spanish preschoolers (65% vs. 51.9%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lifestyle had a significant association with AO among Spanish-speaking preschool children, with physical fitness especially being a relevant factor regardless of the country of origin. The findings of the current study may support the development of public guidelines focusing on healthy lifestyles in children to create effective plans that contribute to the early treatment of AO in preschool children.

Association between the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Parents with Health-Related and Lifestyle Markers of Children in Three Different Spanish-Speaking Countries: An Inter-Continental Study at OECD Country Level.

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child's parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child's lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (ß -0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (ß -0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (ß -0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (ß -0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent's marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.

The association between modifiable lifestyle behaviour in Latin-American schoolchildren with abdominal obesity and excess weight. A comparison of Chile and Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the association of lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet [MD] adherence, physical activity [PA], screen time [ST]) and fitness with abdominal obesity (AO) and excess weight in the Chilean and Colombian schoolchildren. RESEARCH METHODS & PROCEDURES: This cross-sectional study included 969 schoolchildren, girls (n=441, 5.24±0.80 years old) and boys (n=528, 5.10±0.78 years old) from Chile (n=611) and Colombia (n=358). The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), MD adherence, PA, ST and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were evaluated. The association of AO and anthropometric variables with lifestyle was estimated through multiple linear regression. To determine the association between AO and lifestyle, a logistic regression and the inclusion of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. RESULTS: Worse CRF in Chilean children were positively correlated with WC. Excess weight in Chilean and Colombian children was positively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. In Chilean children unhealthy lifestyle was also associated with AO based on WC≥85th percentile and AO based on WtHR≥85th percentile. In Chilean children, excess weight (BMI≥85th percentile) was positively associated with poor MD adherence. CONCLUSION: AO and excess weight were associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in Latin-American schoolchildren. Interventions to reduce the prevalence of AO should include promoting healthier lifestyle choices (i.e., increasing PA after school, reducing ST and improving CRF).

Burnout syndrome, body mass index and other factors related to the practice of physical education teachers in Ibagué, Colombia / Síndrome de desgaste profesional, índice de masa corporal y otros factores asociados con la labor de profesores de educación física de Ibagué, Colombia

Introduction: The burnout syndrome in teachers has been increasing during the last decades, which explains its becoming a very important study area. Objective: To determine the levels of the burnout syndrome and its relation with other factors among the physical education teachers in some schools of Ibagué. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-descriptive correlational study among 111 physical education teachers from Ibagué with ages ranging from 26 to 65 years. We included gender and age as the sociodemographic variables, as well as the burnout syndrome-related variables. For data collection, we used a questionnaire in Spanish for the evaluation of the burnout syndrome specifically among teaching professionals. Results: The physical education teachers interviewed had low levels of burnout syndrome; 22 teachers (19.8%) had high levels and 15 of these responded to profile 1 (burnout syndrome without feelings of guilt) and 7 to profile 2 (burnout syndrome with feelings of guilt). Burnout syndrome prevalence was higher in men while in women the prevalence of physical and emotional exhaustion, indolence and negative attitudes, and feelings of guilt was higher. Conclusions: It is necessary to design and implement training programs aimed at explaining what burnout syndrome is, how and why it appears, its progress and symptoms, as well as strategies of individual prevention and intervention such as physical relaxation and respiratory control techniques.

Introducción. El síndrome de desgaste profesional en profesores ha ido en aumento durante las últimas décadas y ha suscitado interés por su estudio. Objetivo. Determinar los grados del síndrome de desgaste profesional y su asociación con otros factores de los profesores de educación física de las instituciones educativas del municipio de Ibagué. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 111 docentes de educación física de los colegios de Ibagué, con edades entre los 26 y los 65 años. Las variables sociodemográficas incluyeron el sexo y la edad, y se analizaron las variables propias del síndrome. La información se recolectó utilizando la versión para profesionales de la educación del 'Cuestionario para la evaluación del síndrome de quemarse (sic) con el trabajo' (CESQT-PE). Resultados. Los profesores de educación física presentaron niveles bajos del síndrome; 22 docentes (19,8 %) presentaron niveles elevados y de estos, 15 respondían al perfil 1 (síndrome sin sentimientos de culpa) y siete al perfil 2 (síndrome con sentimientos de culpa). En los hombres la prevalencia del síndrome fue mayor, en tanto que en las mujeres las cifras fueron mayores en las dimensiones de desgaste físico y emocional, indolencia y sentimientos de culpa. Conclusiones. Es necesario diseñar e implementar programas de formación orientados a explicar qué es el síndrome de desgaste profesional, cómo y por qué aparece, cómo evoluciona y cuáles son sus síntomas, así como estrategias de prevención e intervención individual que incluyan técnicas de relajación física y de control respiratorio.

Síndrome de desgaste profesional, índice de masa corporal y otros factores asociados con la labor de profesores de educación física de Ibagué, Colombia / Burnout syndrome, body mass index and other factors related to the practice of physical education teachers in Ibagué, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de desgaste profesional en profesores ha ido en aumento durante las últimas décadas y ha suscitado interés por su estudio. Objetivo. Determinar los grados del síndrome de desgaste profesional y su asociación con otros factores de los profesores de educación física de las instituciones educativas del municipio de Ibagué. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 111 docentes de educación física de los colegios de Ibagué, con edades entre los 26 y los 65 años. Las variables sociodemográficas incluyeron el sexo y la edad, y se analizaron las variables propias del síndrome. La información se recolectó utilizando la versión para profesionales de la educación del 'Cuestionario para la evaluación del síndrome de quemarse (sic) con el trabajo' (CESQT-PE). Resultados. Los profesores de educación física presentaron niveles bajos del síndrome; 22 docentes (19,8 %) presentaron niveles elevados y de estos, 15 respondían al perfil 1 (síndrome sin sentimientos de culpa) y siete al perfil 2 (síndrome con sentimientos de culpa). En los hombres la prevalencia del síndrome fue mayor, en tanto que en las mujeres las cifras fueron mayores en las dimensiones de desgaste físico y emocional, indolencia y sentimientos de culpa. Conclusiones. Es necesario diseñar e implementar programas de formación orientados a explicar qué es el síndrome de desgaste profesional, cómo y por qué aparece, cómo evoluciona y cuáles son sus síntomas, así como estrategias de prevención e intervención individual que incluyan técnicas de relajación física y de control respiratorio.

Abstract Introduction: The burnout syndrome in teachers has been increasing during the last decades, which explains its becoming a very important study area. Objective: To determine the levels of the burnout syndrome and its relation with other factors among the physical education teachers in some schools of Ibagué. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-descriptive correlational study among 111 physical education teachers from Ibagué with ages ranging from 26 to 65 years. We included gender and age as the sociodemographic variables, as well as the burnout syndrome-related variables. For data collection, we used a questionnaire in Spanish for the evaluation of the burnout syndrome specifically among teaching professionals. Results: The physical education teachers interviewed had low levels of burnout syndrome; 22 teachers (19.8%) had high levels and 15 of these responded to profile 1 (burnout syndrome without feelings of guilt) and 7 to profile 2 (burnout syndrome with feelings of guilt). Burnout syndrome prevalence was higher in men while in women the prevalence of physical and emotional exhaustion, indolence and negative attitudes, and feelings of guilt was higher. Conclusions: It is necessary to design and implement training programs aimed at explaining what burnout syndrome is, how and why it appears, its progress and symptoms, as well as strategies of individual prevention and intervention such as physical relaxation and respiratory control techniques.

Variables psicosociales, físicas y antropométrica en escolares chilenos. Un estudio comparativo según niveles de actividad física / Psychosocial, physical and anthropometric variables in Chilean schoolchildren. A comparative study according Physical Activity levels

Introducción: La actividad física (AF) tiene múltiples beneficios para la salud física y mental en distintos tipos de poblaciones, sin embargo, no existen evaluaciones integrales en población escolar. Por otra parte los niveles de inactividad física han generado un incremento de la obesidad infantil en todo el mundo y de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, afectando el desarrollo integral de los niños y su calidad de vida, además de un gran número de componentes psicosociales. El propósito de la investigación fue comparar según niveles de AF, variables psicosociales, antropométricas y físicas en escolares chilenos. Método: Participaron 605 escolares (272 mujeres y 333 hombres) de entre 11 y 14 años de edad, se evaluó la autoestima, imagen corporal, capacidad cardiorespiratoria, presión arterial y parámetros antropométricos. Resultados: Las niñas presentaron mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC), además presentaron mayor puntaje de riesgo de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (p = 0,03), en la autoestima no existieron diferencias (p > 0,05). La AF fue superior en los niños (p < 0,001), al igual que los valores en la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) (P < 0,05). Los niños presentaron mayor proporción de escolares categorizados con AF alta (p < 0,001). Los escolares con menores niveles de AF presentan parámetros antropométricos más elevados (p < 0,001), así como también, presentan mayor riesgo de insatisfacción corporal (p = 0,009), menor autoestima (p < 0,001) y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los escolares con menores niveles de AF presentan resultados negativos en variables psicosociales como la imagen corporal y autoestima, además de una menor capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y parámetros antropométricos elevados

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits for physical and mental health in different types of populations; however, there are no comprehensive evaluations in school population. On the other hand, levels of physical inactivity have generated an increase in childhood obesity worldwide and cardiovascular risk factors, affecting the overall development of children and their quality of life, in addition to a large number of psychosocial components. The purpose of the research was to compare according to levels of PA, psychosocial, anthropometric and physical variables in Chilean schoolchildren. Method: 605 schoolchildren (272 women and 333 men) between 11 and 14 years of age participated. Self-esteem, body image, cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were evaluated. Results: The girls presented higher body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (BF), in addition they presented higher risk score of dissatisfaction with the corporal image (p = 0.03), in the self-esteem there were no differences (p> 0.05). PA was higher in children (p < 0.001), as were values in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05). Children had a higher proportion of school children categorized with high PA (p <0.001). School children with lower levels of PA have higher anthropometric parameters (p <0.001), as well as a higher risk of body dissatisfaction (p = 0.009) and lower self-esteem (p < 0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p <0.001). Conclusion: Schoolchildren with lower PA levels presented negative results in psychosocial variables such as body image and self-esteem, as well as a lower cardiorespiratory fitness and high anthropometric parameters

Relationship in obese Chilean schoolchildren between physical fitness, physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors.

INTRODUCTION: Background: obesity and lower physical fitness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective: to determine the relationship between health-related physical fitness and physical activity levels, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters for different weight statuses of Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: the participants were 272 girls and 333 boys having a mean age of 12.00 ± 1.23 years. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), standing long jump test (SLJ), handgrip strength, physical activity (PA) levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat (BF) were measured. To establish the relationship between the variables, partial correlations adjusted by sex were carried out and the Chi-square test was applied to compare the proportions between groups. Results: VO2max (p < 0.001) was higher in schoolchildren of normal weight. SBP and DBP were higher in obese schoolchildren (p < 0.001). Physical fitness was inversely related to SBP: VO2max (r = -0.26, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = -0.11, p = 0.007) and handgrip strength (r = -0.10, p = 0.021), and had a positive relationship with PA: VO2max (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), and handgrip strength (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Moreover, VO2max and SLJ were inversely related to BMI and WC (p < 0.05). The group of obese schoolchildren contained the highest percentage of individuals with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the results obtained in this study show that physical fi tness has an inverse relationship with SBP and a positive relationship with PA levels. Besides, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and SLJ are inversely associated with the predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, obese children presented lower physical fitness and included a higher proportion of individuals with hypertension.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: la obesidad y bajos niveles de condición física en niños están relacionados con el desarrollo de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la condición física relacionada con la salud y los niveles de actividad física, la presión arterial y los parámetros antropométricos, comparando según el estatus corporal en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: los participantes fueron 272 niñas y 333 niños con una edad promedio de 12,00 ± 1,23 años. El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max), la prueba de salto de longitud (SLJ), la fuerza de la empuñadura, los niveles de actividad física (AF), la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), la presión arterial diastólica (PAD), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de la cintura (WC) y la grasa corporal (BF) fueron evaluados. Para establecer la relación entre las variables, se llevaron a cabo correlaciones parciales ajustadas por sexo y se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las proporciones entre los grupos. Resultados: el VO2max (p < 0,001) fue más alto en escolares de peso normal. El PAS y el PAD fueron más altos en escolares obesos (p < 0,001). La aptitud física estaba inversamente relacionada con la PAS: VO2max (r = -0,26, p < 0,001), SLJ (r = -0,11, p = 0,007) y la fuerza de la empuñadura (r = -0,10, p = 0,021) y la relación positiva con PA: VO2max (r = 0,31, p < 0,001), SLJ (r = 0,18, p < 0,001), fuerza de la empuñadura (r = 0,26, p < 0,001). Además, VO2max y SLJ estaban inversamente relacionados con el IMC y el CC (p < 0,05). En los escolares obesos se presentó el mayor porcentaje de individuos con hipertensión (p < 0,001). Conclusión: en conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio informan de que la condición física presenta una relación inversa con la PAS y relación positiva con los niveles de AF. Además, CRF y SLJ se asociaron inversamente con predictores de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. Finalmente, los niños obesos presentaron una menor condición física y una mayor proporción de individuos con hipertensión.

Relationship in obese Chilean schoolchildren between physical fi tness, physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk factors / Relación en escolares chilenos obesos de la condición física con los niveles de actividad física y factores de riesgo cardiovascular

Background: obesity and lower physical fi tness levels in children are related to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Objective: to determine the relationship between health-related physical fi tness and physical activity levels, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters for different weight statuses of Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: the participants were 272 girls and 333 boys having a mean age of 12.00 ± 1.23 years. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), standing long jump test (SLJ), handgrip strength, physical activity (PA) levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat (BF) were measured. To establish the relationship between the variables, partial correlations adjusted by sex were carried out and the Chi-square test was applied to compare the proportions between groups. Results: VO2max (p < 0.001) was higher in schoolchildren of normal weight. SBP and DBP were higher in obese schoolchildren (p < 0.001). Physical fi tness was inversely related to SBP: VO2max (r = -0.26, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = -0.11, p = 0.007) and handgrip strength (r = -0.10, p = 0.021), and had a positive relationship with PA: VO2max (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), SLJ (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), and handgrip strength (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Moreover, VO2max and SLJ were inversely related to BMI and WC (p < 0.05). The group of obese schoolchildren contained the highest percentage of individuals with hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: the results obtained in this study show that physical fi tness has an inverse relationship with SBP and a positive relationship with PA levels. Besides, cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF) and SLJ are inversely associated with the predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, obese children presented lower physical fi tness and included a higher proportion of individuals with hypertension

Antecedentes: la obesidad y bajos niveles de condición física en niños están relacionados con el desarrollo de factores de riesgo cardiometabólico. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la condición física relacionada con la salud y los niveles de actividad física, la presión arterial y los parámetros antropométricos, comparando según el estatus corporal en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: los participantes fueron 272 niñas y 333 niños con una edad promedio de 12,00 ± 1,23 años. El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max), la prueba de salto de longitud (SLJ), la fuerza de la empuñadura, los niveles de actividad física (AF), la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), la presión arterial diastólica (PAD), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de la cintura (WC) y la grasa corporal (BF) fueron evaluados. Para establecer la relación entre las variables, se llevaron a cabo correlaciones parciales ajustadas por sexo y se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las proporciones entre los grupos. Resultados: el VO2max (p < 0,001) fue más alto en escolares de peso normal. El PAS y el PAD fueron más altos en escolares obesos (p < 0,001). La aptitud física estaba inversamente relacionada con la PAS: VO2max (r = -0,26, p < 0,001), SLJ (r = -0,11, p = 0,007) y la fuerza de la empuñadura (r = -0,10, p = 0,021) y la relación positiva con PA: VO2max (r = 0,31, p < 0,001), SLJ (r = 0,18, p < 0,001), fuerza de la empuñadura (r = 0,26, p < 0,001). Además, VO2max y SLJ estaban inversamente relacionados con el IMC y el CC (p < 0,05). En los escolares obesos se presentó el mayor porcentaje de individuos con hipertensión (p < 0,001). Conclusión: en conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en este estudio informan de que la condición física presenta una relación inversa con la PAS y relación positiva con los niveles de AF. Además, CRF y SLJ se asociaron inversamente con predictores de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. Finalmente, los niños obesos presentaron una menor condición física y una mayor proporción de individuos con hipertensión

Levels of physical activity, health-related quality of life, physical self-concept and body-mass index among Colombian students

Introduction: Physical activity, health-related quality of life, self-concept and body-mass index are indicators of a healthy lifestyle. Objective: To determine the levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle, the health-related quality of life, the physical self-concept and the body-mass index in Colombian middle and highschool students. Materials and methods: We included 1,253 students between 10 and 20 years of age (601 men and 652 women) in the study. We used the following instruments for the measurements: A weighing machine, a stadiometer, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12®), and the Physical Self-concept Questionnaire in its Spanish version. Results: The statistical analysis showed higher levels in the body-mass index among female students and higher scores for the physical condition, self-concept and competence among male students, with meaningful statistical differences (p<0,05). Additionally, women had higher scores in moderate and vigorous physical activity, while men had higher scores in walking. Men got higher scores in the dimension of health-related quality of life, except in the social function, which differed significantly from the general health, emotional role, mental health, and vitality dimensions. Conclusions: We found a relation between the body-mass index and the physical condition and competence self-concept, as well as between body-mass index and general health, physical function, mental health and vitality. We also found a relation between a sedentary lifestyle and general health, body pain, and physical role.

Niveles de actividad física, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, autoconcepto físico eíndice de masa corporal: un estudio en escolares colombianos / Levels of physical activity, health-related quality of life, physical self-concept and body-mass index among Colombian students

Resumen Introducción. La actividad física, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, el autoconcepto y el índice de masa corporal son indicadores de un estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de actividad física y de sedentarismo, la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, el autoconcepto físico y el índice de masa corporal en escolares colombianos de educación secundaria y media. Materiales y métodos. Participaron en el estudio 1.253 estudiantes entre los 10 y los 20 años (601 hombres y 652 mujeres) (14,62±2,01). Para las mediciones se utilizaron una báscula, un tallímetro, el cuestionario internacional de actividad física, el cuestionario abreviado de salud SF-12® y el cuestionario de autoconcepto físico (CAF) en su versión española. Resultados. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron un mayor índice de masa corporal en las estudiantes, en tanto que en los estudiantes se registraron valores más altos en el autoconcepto de la condición física y la competencia, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). Además, se encontró que las mujeres registraban mayores puntuaciones en la actividad física moderada y vigorosa, y los hombres, en la caminata. Las puntuaciones fueron mayores en las dimensiones de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, excepto en la función social, lo cual difiere significativamente con las de la salud general, el rol emocional, la salud mental y la vitalidad (p<0,05). Conclusiones. Se estableció una relación entre el índice de masa corporal y el autoconcepto de condición física y competencia percibida, y entre el índice de masa corporal y la salud general, la función física, la salud mental y la vitalidad. Asimismo, el sedentarismo se relacionó con la salud en general, el dolor corporal y el rol físico (p<0,05).

Abstract Introduction: Physical activity, health-related quality of life, self-concept and body-mass index are indicators of a healthy lifestyle. Objective: To determine the levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle, the health-related quality of life, the physical self-concept and the body-mass index in Colombian middle and high-school students. Materials and methods: We included 1,253 students between 10 and 20 years of age (601 men and 652 women) in the study. We used the following instruments for the measurements: A weighing machine, a stadiometer, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the 12-Item Short Form HealthSurvey(SF-12®), and the Physical Self-concept Questionnaire in its Spanish version. Results: The statistical analysis showed higher levels in the body-mass index among female students and higher scores for the physical condition, self-concept and competence among male students, with meaningful statistical differences (p<0,05). Additionally, women had higher scores in moderate and vigorous physical activity, while men had higher scores in walking. Men got higher scores in the dimension of health-related quality of life, except in the social function, which differed significantly from the general health, emotional role, mental health, and vitality dimensions. Conclusions: We found a relation between the body-mass index and the physical condition and competence self-concept, as well as between body-mass index and general health, physical function, mental health and vitality. We also found a relation between a sedentary lifestyle and general health, body pain, and physical role.

Grado de predicción de la motivación hacia las actividades físicodeportivas a través de la orientación de metas, la percepción del éxito y el grado de satisfacción. Un análisis transcultural / Prediction Level of Motivation through Physical and Sport Activities according to Goal Orientation, Success Perceived and Satisfaction Rate. A Cross-Cultural Analysis

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer en qué medida se puede predecir el tipo de motivación hacia la práctica de actividad físicodeportiva en función de la orientación de metas, la percepción del éxito y el grado de satisfacción, mediante un análisis transcultural en tres países latinos: España, México y Costa Rica. Se evaluaron 2 168 escolares de edades entre 11 y 16 años, utilizando cuatro instrumentos: Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Satisfaction Instrument (SSI) y Beliefs about the Causes of Sport Success Questionnaire (BACS). Los resultados mostraron que valores altos en orientación a la tarea, diversión y esfuerzo pueden predecir significativamente la manifestación de motivación intrínseca en los sujetos de los tres países.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyse at which level it is possible to predict motivation type through physical and sport activities according to goal orientation, success perceived and satisfaction rate, in a transcultural analysis through three Latin countries: Spain, Mexico and Costa Rica. 2168 students (between 11-16 years-old) completed 4 evaluation instruments: Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Satisfaction Instrument (SSI) y Beliefs About the Causes of Sport Success Questionnaire (BACS). Results showed that high values in task orientation, fun, and effort could significantly predict intrinsic motivation in the three countries of our research.

[Body composition and physical fitness in Colombian high school students from Ibagué].

INTRODUCTION: Body composition and other components of physical fitness have proved to be important markers of health condition. OBJECTIVE: To analyze body composition and physical fitness in Colombian students from public high schools of Ibagué, as well as to study differences between sexes and age groups, and establish correlations between some of the variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,253 students (601 males; 652 females), with an age range of 10-20 years. The ALPHA-Fitness test (extended version) was applied. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and fat percentage were assessed. RESULTS: Differences between sexes were found in the variables studied, with greater BMI and fat percentage among females (20.6 kg/m2 vs. 19.4 kg/m2 and 26.1% vs. 16.8%, respectively); however, waist circumference was greater in males (69.6 cm vs. 67.9 cm), who also showed better fitness in the rest of the physical tests (p<0.05). In both sexes, age was associated to increases in BMI (p<0.05), and among females to fat percentage as well (p<0.05); among males it was the opposite, as in them, age was inversely associated to fat percentage (p<0.05). For the rest of the physical tests, age was positively associated to fitness both in men and women, except for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Correlations were found between some of the variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity was significantly greater in females than in males (p<0.05). Males showed better levels of aerobic, musculoskeletal and motor capacities.

Composición corporal y condición física de escolares colombianos de educación secundaria y media de Ibagué / Body composition and physical fitness in Colombian high school students from Ibagué

Resumen Introducción. La composición corporal y otros componentes de la condición física han demostrado ser importantes indicadores de la condición de salud. Objetivo. Analizar la composición corporal y la condición física de escolares colombianos de educación secundaria y media de las instituciones oficiales de Ibagué, estudiar las diferencias por sexo y edad, y establecer la correlación entre algunas variables. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 1.253 estudiantes (601 hombres y 652 mujeres), con un rango de edad entre los 10 y los 20 años. Se aplicaron las pruebas físicas de la batería ALPHA-Fitness en su versión extendida. Se evaluó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el perímetro de la cintura y el porcentaje de grasa. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias por sexo en lasvariables estudiadas, con mayor IMC y porcentaje de grasa en las mujeres queen los hombres (20,6 Vs. 19,4 kg/m2 y 26,1 Vs. 16,8 %, respectivamente); sin embargo, el perímetrode cintura fue mayor en los hombres (69,6 cmVs. 67,9 cm), aunque ellos registraron mejor rendimiento enel resto de pruebas físicas (p<0,05). En ambos sexos la edad se asoció con aumentos delIMC (p<0,05) y, en las mujeres, con el porcentaje de grasa (p<0,05), lo que no ocurrió en los hombres, en quienes la edad se asoció inversamente con la grasa corporal (p<0,05). En el resto de las pruebas físicas, la edad se asoció positivamente con el rendimiento en ambos sexos, excepto en el consumo máximo de oxígeno(VO2 máx). Se hallaron correlaciones entre algunas de las variables estudiadas. Conclusiones. La adiposidad fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres(p<0,05). Los hombres tuvieron mejores niveles de capacidad aeróbica, musculoesqueléticay motora.

Introduction: Body composition and other components of physical fitness have proved to be important markers of health condition. Objective: To analyze body composition and physical fitness in Colombian students from public high schools of Ibagué, as well as to study differences between sexes and age groups, and establish correlations between some of the variables. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 1,253 students (601 males; 652 females), with an age range of 10-20 years. The ALPHA-Fitness test (extended version) was applied. Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and fat percentage were assessed. Results: Differences between sexes were found in the variables studied, with greater BMI and fat percentage among females (20.6 kg/m2 vs. 19.4 kg/m2 and 26.1% vs. 16.8%, respectively); however, waist circumference was greater in males (69.6 cm vs. 67.9 cm), who also showed better fitness in the rest of the physical tests (p<0.05). In both sexes, age was associated to increases in BMI (p<0.05), and among females to fat percentage as well (p<0.05); among males it was the opposite, as in them, age was inversely associated to fat percentage (p<0.05). For the rest of the physical tests, age was positively associated to fitness both in men and women, except for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Correlations were found between some of the variables studied. Conclusions: Adiposity was significantly greater in females than in males (p<0.05). Males showed better levels of aerobic, musculoskeletal and motor capacities.

[Analysis of adiposity and physical fitness in young Colombian students].

INTRODUCTION: Body mass index and physical fitness are important markers of a healthy life style. Objective: To analyze adiposity and physical fitness in young students from public schools in Armenia, Colombia, and examine differences between sex and age groups. Materials and methods: We analyzed 1,150 students: 46.6% (n=536) males and 53.4% (n=614) females, with an age range of 10 to 20 years (15.45 ± 2.52). Physical fitness was evaluated by the Course-Navette test, the Horizontal Jump test, the 20-meter run test and the Sit-and-Reach test. Body mass index and body fat were also assessed. Results: Compared with males, females had significantly higher adiposity levels, body mass index (20.4 vs. 19.5) and body fat (23% vs. 11%). Males had higher levels of physical fitness in all the variables analyzed, with statistically significant differences (p<0.001), except in flexibility, where females achieved better results (3.1cm vs.1 3cm; p=0.003). In both sexes, body mass index increased with age (p<0.001). However, body fat decreased with age in males (p<0.001) and increased in females (p<0.001). In males, physical fitness improved with age in all variables. In females, no significant differences were found between age groups except in the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max, p<0.001). Conclusion: Adiposity was significantly higher in women than in men. Males had a better level of physical fitness than females, except in flexibility. Physical fitness improved significantly with age in males, but did not change in females.

Análisis de la adiposidad y la condición física en escolares colombianos / Analysis of adiposity and physical fitness in young Colombian students

Introducción. El índice de masa corporal y la condición física son indicadores de un estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo. Analizar el grado de adiposidad y la condición física en estudiantes de instituciones educativas públicas de Armenia, Colombia, y estudiar las diferencias por sexo y edad. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 1.150 estudiantes, de los cuales 46,6 % eran de sexo masculino (n=536) y 53,4 % (n=614) de sexo femenino; el rango de edad fue de 10 a 20 años (15,45 ± 2,52). Las pruebas de condición física usadas fueron el test de Course-Navette, el de salto horizontal, el de la carrera de 20 m y el de Wills y Dillon. También, se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal y el porcentaje de grasa. Resultados. En comparación con los hombres, las mujeres tenían mayor adiposidad, índice de masa corporal (20,4 Vs . 19,5) y porcentaje de grasa (23 Vs . 11 %). En cuanto a la condición física, los hombres registraron un mejor rendimiento en todas las variables estudiadas, con diferencias significativas (p<0,001), excepto en la flexibilidad, en la que las mujeres alcanzaron mejores resultados (3,1 Vs . 1,3 cm; p=0,003). En ambos sexos, el índice de masa corporal aumentó con la edad (p<0,001); en los hombres, el porcentaje de grasa disminuyó con la edad (p<0,0001) y en las mujeres aumentó (p<0,001). La condición física de los hombres mejoró con la edad en todas las variables, mientras que en las mujeres no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad, salvo en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO 2máx ) (p<0,001). Conclusión. La adiposidad fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres. Los hombres tuvieron una mejor condición física en todas las variables, excepto en la flexibilidad. En los hombres la condición física mejoró significativamente con la edad, en tanto que en las mujeres no cambió.

Introduction: Body mass index and physical fitness are important markers of a healthy life style. Objective: To analyze adiposity and physical fitness in young students from public schools in Armenia, Colombia, and examine differences between sex and age groups. Materials and methods: We analyzed 1,150 students: 46.6% (n=536) males and 53.4% (n=614) females, with an age range of 10 to 20 years (15.45 ± 2.52). Physical fitness was evaluated by the Course-Navette test, the Horizontal Jump test, the 20-meter run test and the Sit-and-Reach test. Body mass index and body fat were also assessed. Results: Compared with males, females had significantly higher adiposity levels, body mass index (20.4 vs. 19.5) and body fat (23% vs. 11%). Males had higher levels of physical fitness in all the variables analyzed, with statistically significant differences (p<0.001), except in flexibility, where females achieved better results (3.1cm vs.1 3cm; p=0.003). In both sexes, body mass index increased with age (p<0.001). However, body fat decreased with age in males (p<0.001) and increased in females (p<0.001). In males, physical fitness improved with age in all variables. In females, no significant differences were found between age groups except in the maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max , p<0.001). Conclusion: Adiposity was significantly higher in women than in men. Males had a better level of physical fitness than females, except in flexibility. Physical fitness improved significantly with age in males, but did not change in females.