Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile of Spirulina platensis.

Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis is used to measure the microbial biomass and the phospholipids present in the environmental samples. Microalgae spirulina is found to be a rich source of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) and has been used as a neutraceutical and regenerative medicine in the biotechnological industries as PUFAs are not synthesized in the human body due to the lack of enzymes for their bioconversion and must be supplied through the diet. Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) are the two most important long-chain omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids involved in the human physiology, and their precursors stearic acid (ω-9), linoleic acid (ω-6), and gamma linolenic acid (ω-6) were found to be in higher concentrations in Spirulina platensis. GC or GC-MS is used to analyze the presence of PLFA in the sample. The PLFA analysis was carried to detect the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the Spirulina platensis which are the essential components in the diet of humans. The analysis involves overnight drying of the sample and followed by Bligh-Dyer lipid extraction. The obtained extract is dried and dissolved in chloroform and loaded onto a 96-well solid phase extraction plate. The eluted phospholipids are dried and transesterified. The resulting fatty acid methyl esters are analyzed by GC and quantified relative to an internal standard.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Thiophene Derivatives.

A novel series of pyrazolines were synthesized by cycloaddition of various chalcones (prepared by a Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethyl thiophene and various aromatic aldehydes) with the phenyl hydrazines in the presence of pyridine and subjected to molecular property prediction by Molinspiration, MolSoft, and Osiris software. The structures of new compounds were established by 1HNMR, IR, and mass spectral data. Most of the synthesized compounds (1A-E) were found to be in conformity with Lipinski's "rule of five" and other parameters, for their screening for antimicrobial and antifungal activity as oral active leads/drugs. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the final synthesized compounds have been exhibited promising antibacterial activity and antifungal activity.