ABSTRACT
(1) Background: Partner violence prevention programmes do not produce the expected behavioural changes. Accordingly, experts suggest applying evidence-based behavioural models to identify the determinants of abusive behaviours. In this research, we applied the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict the performance (boys) and acceptance (girls) of abusive behaviours in adolescents. (2) Method: We designed a questionnaire based on the RAA and performed a cross-sectional study. We analysed the predictive capacity of the RAA constructs on intentions with the sample of single adolescents (n = 1112). We replicated the analysis only with those who were in a relationship (n = 587) and in addition analysed the predictive capacity of intention on future behaviour (3 months later). (3) Results: The hierarchical regression analysis performed with the sample of single adolescents showed that the model explained 56% and 47% of the variance of boys' intentions to perform the controlling and devaluing behaviours, respectively; and 62% and 33% of girls' intention to accept them. With those in a relationship, the model explained 60% and 53% of the variance of boys' intentions to perform the controlling and devaluating behaviour, respectively, and 70% and 38% of girls' intention to accept them. Intention exerted direct effects on boys' performance of controlling and devaluing behaviours (31% and 34% of explained variance, respectively) and on girls' acceptance (30% and 7%, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The RAA seems useful to identify the motivational determinants of abusive behaviours, regardless of adolescents´ relationship status, and for their prediction. Perceived social norms emerge as a relevant predictor on which to intervene to produce behavioural changes with both sexes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Aggression , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Intention , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate how physical limitations after ACS influence patients' quality of life and health perception. This was a longitudinal clinical study. We recruited 146 patients diagnosed with ACS. The patients performed a stress test (Bruce's protocol) for the evaluation of physical limitations and were classified according to the test result: without physical limitations (more than 10 METS), with some physical limitations (7 to 9 METS), and with high physical limitations (less than 6 METS). Significant differences were found between the three groups immediately after the diagnosis of ACS and after a period of three months, regarding health perception, anxiety, depression, sexual relationships, distress, and adjustment to disease. These differences resulted larger between the group with less limitations and the group with higher limitations. After 3 months, however, there was an overall improvement in all variables. In conclusion, physical limitations after ACS seem to influence perceived quality of life determined by measuring general health, vitality, total adaptation, emotional role, social adaptation, depression, and anxiety. Therefore, the highest the physical limitations, the poorer the psychological conditions and vice versa, even 3 months after ACS diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome , Adaptation, Physiological , Adaptation, Psychological , Anxiety/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Quality of Life , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Literature suggests that families may accommodate patients' symptoms in attempts to alleviate family conflict and stress. These accommodating and enabling behaviours may have a negative impact on carers and those they care for. There are no self-report questionnaires validated in Spanish to measure accommodation among relatives of patients with an eating disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders (AESED-S) among relatives of eating disorder patients. A cross-sectional study of 90 relatives was carried out to explore the factor structure, reliability and validity of the AESED-S. The internal consistency of the Spanish version of the AESED subscales was good, ranging from .89 to .81. The correlation of the five subscales with conceptually related measures (negative caregiving experience and distress) supports the convergent validity of this instrument in this sample. Results indicated that the Spanish version of the AESED provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing family accommodation in the context of having a relative with an eating disorder.
Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Language , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Adult , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Young AdultABSTRACT
El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue evaluar el nivel de emoción expresada y de malestar psicológico en cuidadores de pacientes con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria, considerando las diferencias en función de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Participaron 53 cuidadores de pacientes con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria que estaban siendo atendidas en la unidad de trastornos alimentarios del hospital de San Juan, Alicante. El 39.6% de los cuidadores fueron hombres y el 60.4% mujeres con edades comprendidas entre los 23 y los 69 años. El cuestionario utilizado para evaluar la emoción expresada fue el de Nivel de Emoción Expresada, (LEE) y para evaluar el malestar psicológico utilizamos la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) y un cuestionario de salud general, (GHQ-12). Los resultados mostraron que no había diferencias estadísticamente significativas atendiendo al diagnóstico de la paciente, edad de los cuidadores y cuidadores primarios y secundarios, sin embargo se encontraron diferencias significativas en relación al género del cuidador, parentesco y al tiempo de evolución del problema. Además, los cuidadores con mayor emoción expresada presentaban más ansiedad y de-presión que los cuidadores con menor emoción expresada
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of expressed emotion and psychological distress in caregivers of patients with an eating disorder, considering the differences in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Fifty-three caregivers of patients with an eating disorder participed. The 39.6% of caregivers were men and 60.4% women, aged between 23 and 69 years old. The questionnaire used to assess expressed emotion was the Spanish version of the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and for assessing distress the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The results showed no statistically significant differences in expressed emotion in relation to the patient diagnosis and age of the caregivers. Significant differences were found regarding the type of relationship, the gender of the caregiver and illness duration; the caregivers with higher EE had more anxiety and depression than caregivers with lower EE
Subject(s)
Humans , Expressed Emotion , Caregivers/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Signal Detection, Psychological , Interview, Psychological , Behavioral Symptoms/epidemiology , Prodromal SymptomsABSTRACT
This study examined the Dieting Peer Competitiveness Scale; it is an instrument for evaluating this social comparison in young people. This instrumental study has two aims: The objective of the first aim was to present preliminary psychometric data from the Spanish version of the Dieting Peer Competitiveness Scale, including statistical item analysis, research about this instrument's internal structure, and a reliability analysis, from a sample of 1067 secondary school adolescents. The second objective of the study corresponds to confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's internal structure, as well as analysis for evidence of validity from a sample of 1075 adolescents.
Subject(s)
Competitive Behavior , Diet, Reducing , Peer Group , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adolescent , Child , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Psychometrics , SpainABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las diferencias en el estilo y estrategias de afrontamiento, en los adolescentes españoles de ambos géneros, con mayor y menor riesgo de desarrollar un Trastorno de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Y en segundo lugar, estudiar la relación entre los diferentes estilos y estrategias de afrontamiento con el riesgo de desarrollar un TCA. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 2.142 adolescentes (1.130 chicas y 1.012 chicos), con una media de edad de 13,96 años (dt= 1,34), que completaron las Escalas de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes (ACS) y el Eating Attitude Test (EAT- 40). Los resultados mostraron un mayor uso de estrategias de afrontamiento de huida intropunitiva en adolescentes, chicos y chicas, con mayores puntuaciones en el EAT-40. Los análisis de regresión indicaron que el estilo de afrontamiento que explicó el mayor porcentaje de varianza del riesgo de desarrollar un TCA fue la huida intropunitiva y la estrategia de afrontamiento de reducción de la tensión. Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones para la prevención de estas conductas en adolescentes, ya que las personas en riesgo presentan un estilo de afrontamiento desadaptativo previo a la instauración del trastorno alimentario (AU)
The first aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between coping styles and strategies in Spanish adolescents of both genders, with high and low eating disorder risk. Secondly, this study aims to examine the relation of coping styles and coping strategies with eating disorder risk. The sample comprised 2142 adolescents (1.130 girls and 1.012 boys), mean age 13,96 years (SD= 1,34). They completed the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40). The results showed high use of intropunitive avoidance coping in both female and male adolescents with high EAT-40 scores. The regression analysis indicated that, in both girls and boys, the intropunitive avoidance and the tension reduction coping strategy explained a high percentage of variance of eating disorder risk. The results of this study have implications for the prevention of these behaviours in adolescents, because people with a high risk of developing an eating disorder present a maladaptive coping style before the onset of the eating disorder (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Logistic Models , Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood/psychology , Adolescent Development/physiologyABSTRACT
The first aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between coping styles and strategies in Spanish adolescents of both genders, with high and low eating disorder risk. Secondly, this study aims to examine the relation of coping styles and coping strategies with eating disorder risk. The sample comprised 2142 adolescents (1.130 girls and 1.012 boys), mean age 13,96 years (SD= 1.34). They completed the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) and the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40). The results showed high use of intropunitive avoidance coping in both female and male adolescents with high EAT-40 scores. The regression analysis indicated that, in both girls and boys, the intropunitive avoidance and the tension reduction coping strategy explained a high percentage of variance of eating disorder risk. The results of this study have implications for the prevention of these behaviours in adolescents, because people with a high risk of developing an eating disorder present a maladaptive coping style before the onset of the eating disorder.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent Behavior , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Psychology, Adolescent , Adolescent , Attitude , Conflict, Psychological , Eating/psychology , Feeding Behavior , Feeding and Eating Disorders/prevention & control , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Pleasure , Social Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Fundamentos: En este trabajo se aborda la descripción de los hábitos alimentarios y del sobrepeso, así como las diferencias en función del género y la edad, de una muestra representativa de adolescentes de la provincia de Alicante. Métodos: Estudio trasversal mediante muestreo aleatorio monoetápico. Se reclutaron 2142 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años de la provincia de Alicante. Se aplicó el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares. Resultados: Los datos mostraron una tendencia hacia el abandono de hábitos alimentarios saludables a medida que avanza la adolescencia en ambos géneros. Los resultados mostraron hábitos alimentarios similares en chicos y chicas, aunque las adolescentes realizaban, con menos frecuencia, desayunos completos, comidas con un sándwich o bocadillo, meriendas y cenas calientes. Estos datos apuntan a que las chicas tienden a adoptar hábitos alimentarios menos saludables aunque a nivel estadístico estas diferencias no fueron significativas. Sólo se encontraron diferencias de género en el consumo de alimentos insanos, que fue mayor en los chicos, y en la realización de dieta, más frecuente entre las chicas. Respecto al sobrepeso, aproximadamente 1 de cada 4 chicos presentó sobrepeso. Conclusiones: Se observó una tendencia hacia hábitos alimentarios menos sanos a medida que avanza la edad, encontrándose hábitos similares entre chicos y chicas. Estos patrones han de ser tomados en consideración en el desarrollo de los programas de promoción de la salud (AU)
Objective: This study examines the eating habits and overweight, and its differences by gender and age of a representative sample of adolescents in the province of Alicante. Methods: An on-stage cluster sampling was use in order to obtain a sample of 2142 from 12 to 18 years in the province of Alicante representative of their general population. The Inventory of Health Behaviour in Scholars was applied. Results: The data showed a trend towards the abandonment of healthy eating habits while advancing adolescence. The results showed similar eating habits in boys and girls, although girls performed less frequently, full breakfasts, lunches with a sandwich or snack, snacks and hot meals. These data suggest that girls tend to adopt less healthy eating habits although these differences were not statistically significant. Only gender differences were found in the consumption of unhealthy food, which was higher in boys, and implementation of diet, more common among girls. With regard to overweight, about 1 in 4 boys were overweight. Conclusions: There was a tendency towards less health behaviours with advancing age, similar patterns were found between boys and girls. These patterns must be taken into consideration in the development of programs for health promotion (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior/classification , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Overweight/diet therapy , Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Adolescent Development , Gender and Health , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Promotion/methods , Health PromotionABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories.
Subject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology , Bulimia/epidemiology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Health Behavior , Motor Activity , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Bulimia/diagnosis , Bulimia/psychology , Child , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet, Reducing/psychology , Diet, Reducing/statistics & numerical data , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/psychology , Spain , Statistics as Topic , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Weight LossABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between adolescents with a high or low risk of developing an eating disorder (ED) in different health behaviors (eating habits, physical activity and the consumption of substances) per gender. The EAT-40 and the Inventory of Behavioral Health in Scholars were applied to 2142 middle school students from Alicante (Spain), of whom 52.8% were girls and 47.2% were boys, with an average age of 13.92 years old (Sd = 1.34). Results indicated that girls with a high risk of developing an ED consumed fewer meals, ate fewer unhealthy foods, followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. Furthermore, they also performed more physical activity with the objective of losing weight, and consumed more tobacco, alcohol and medicines. Boys at high risk of developing an ED followed more diets and paid more attention to nutritional components. For boys, no more differences were found. These results suggest that any program directed at the prevention of ED should not only include nutritional education, but should also seek to promote regular physical activity with objectives other than weight loss or the burning of calories (AU)
El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar las diferencias entre los adolescentes con mayor y menor riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) en diferentes conductas relacionadas con la salud (hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y consumo de sustancias) por género. Se administró el EAT-40 y el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares a 2142 adolescentes estudiantes de secundaria de la provincia de Alicante (España), de los que el 52.8% fueron chicas y 47.2% chicos, con una edad media de 13.92 años (Dt = 1.34). Los resultaros indicaron que las chicas con mayor riesgo de desarrollar un TCA realizaban menos comidas, realizaban más dietas y prestaban más atención a los componentes de la alimentación. Además, también realizaban más actividad física con el objetivo de perder peso, y consumían más tabaco, alcohol y medicamentos. Los chicos con mayor riesgo de desarrollar un TCA realizaban más dietas y prestaban más atención a los diferentes componentes de la alimentación. No se encontraron más diferencias en el caso de los chicos. Estos resultados sugieren que cualquier programa dirigido a la prevención de los TCA debe incluir, no sólo educación nutricional, sino también la promoción de la práctica regular de actividad física, con objetivos distintos a la pérdida de peso y a quemar calorías (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Motor Activity/physiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar el porcentaje de adolescentes que presentaban conductas alimentarias de riesgo para el desarrollo de un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), analizando las diferencias en función del género, la edad y su índice de masa corporal (IMC).Sujetos y método: Se utilizó una muestra representativa de 2.142 adolescentes (47,2% chicos; 52,8% chicas) de diferentes centros educativos de Alicante. El proceso de cribado se realizó mediante el cuestionario EAT-40, utilizando como punto de corte 30, y se calculó su IMC. Resultados: Un 11,2% de los adolescentes presentó conductas alimentarias de riesgo para el desarrollo de un TCA, de los que un 7,79% fueron chicas y un 3,34% chicos. Los adolescentes de 12 años presentaban puntuaciones superiores en el EAT-40 que el resto de compañeros. Los adolescentes que presentaban conductas alimentarias de riesgo relacionadas con el desarrollo de los TCA tenían un IMC superior al de los que presentaban en menor medida este tipo de conductas. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de chicas con conductas alimentarias de riesgo relacionadas con el desarrollo de los TCA fue inferior al de estudios previos; no ocurrió lo mismo en el caso de los chicos. La edad en la que se manifiestan estas conductas alteradas respecto a la alimentación apoya la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de prevención en edades tempranas (AU)
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of adolescents with risk eating behaviours for developing an eating disorder (ED), analyzing the differences in gender, age and body mass index (BMI). Subject and methods: We used a representative sample of 2,142 adolescents (47.2% boys, 52.8% girls) from different schools in Alicante. The screening procedure was performed using the EAT-40, with a cutoff point of 30, and the BMI was calculated. Results: 11.2% of adolescents presented risk behaviours of developing an ED, 7.79% were girls and 3.34% boys. Adolescents of 12 years had higher scores on the EAT-40 than other classmates. Teenagers with higher risk eating behaviours had a BMI greater than those with lower scores.Conclusions: The percentage of girls who presented more risk eating behaviours was lower than previous studies. The age in which these behaviours are manifested, supports the need to develop prevention strategies at younger ages (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Risk-Taking , Psychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage of adolescents with risk eating behaviours for developing an eating disorder (ED), analyzing the differences in gender, age and body mass index (BMI). SUBJECT AND METHODS: We used a representative sample of 2,142 adolescents (47.2% boys, 52.8% girls) from different schools in Alicante. The screening procedure was performed using the EAT-40, with a cutoff point of 30, and the BMI was calculated. RESULTS: 11.2% of adolescents presented risk behaviours of developing an ED, 7.79% were girls and 3.34% boys. Adolescents of 12 years had higher scores on the EAT-40 than other classmates. Teenagers with higher risk eating behaviours had a BMI greater than those with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of girls who presented more risk eating behaviours was lower than previous studies. The age in which these behaviours are manifested, supports the need to develop prevention strategies at younger ages.
