The Characteristic Microstructures and Properties of Steel-Based Alloy via Additive Manufacturing.

Differing from metal alloys produced by conventional techniques, metallic products prepared by additive manufacturing experience distinct solidification thermal histories and solid-state phase transformation processes, resulting in unique microstructures and superior performance. This review starts with commonly used additive manufacturing techniques in steel-based alloy and then some typical microstructures produced by metal additive manufacturing technologies with different components and processes are summarized, including porosity, dislocation cells, dendrite structures, residual stress, element segregation, etc. The characteristic microstructures may exert a significant influence on the properties of additively manufactured products, and thus it is important to tune the components and additive manufacturing process parameters to achieve the desired microstructures. Finally, the future development and prospects of additive manufacturing technology in steel are discussed.

Time-resolved pump-probe system based on a nonlinear imaging technique with phase object.

A nonlinear imaging technique with phase object, which can deduce nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients by single laser-shot exposure, is expanded to a time-resolved pump-probe system by introducing a pump beam with a variable temporal delay. This new system, in which both degenerate and nondegenerate pump and probe beams in any polarization states can be used, can simultaneously measure dynamic nonlinear absorption and refraction conveniently. In addition, the sensitivity of this new pump-probe system is more than twice that of the Z-scan-based system. The semiconductor ZnSe is used to demonstrate this system.