ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Few data are available regarding the nephrotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study aimed to investigate the nephrotoxicity of ICI-based combination therapy versus standard of care sunitinib in patients with advanced RCC. METHODS: We searched Embase/PubMed/Cochrane Library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Treatment-related nephrotoxicities including increase of creatinine and proteinuria were analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 software. RESULTS: Seven RCTs involving 5239 patients were included. The analysis showed that ICI combination therapy had similar risks of any grade (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.77-1.37, P = 0.87) and grade 3-5 (RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.19-11.66, P = 0.71) increased creatinine compared with sunitinib monotherapy. However, ICI combination therapy was associated with significantly higher risks of any grade (RR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.54-3.51, P < 0.0001) and grade 3-5 proteinuria (RR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.21-4.17, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that ICI combination therapy shows more nephrotoxicity of proteinuria than sunitinib in advanced RCC, which deserves a high attention in the clinic.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell , Kidney Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy , Sunitinib/adverse effects , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects , Creatinine , Kidney Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Herein, a new organic-inorganic hybrid cuprous iodide of [(Me)2-DABCO]Cu6I8 was prepared and structurally characterized with a novel three-dimensional (3D) [Cu6I8]2- framework. Significantly, this 3D cuprous iodide displays infrequent broadband red-to-near-infrared light emission (600-1000 nm) stemming from the radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons.
ABSTRACT
Five new zero-dimensional hybrid manganese halides based on discrete [MnCl4]2- tetrahedrons were prepared and used as highly efficient green-light emitters. Through rational management of organic cations to tailor the MnMn separation distances between neighboring [MnCl4]2- tetrahedrons, the photoluminescence quantum yield increased significantly from 7.98% to 81.11%.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of amitrole on the transcription of thyroglobulin (tg), thyroid peroxidase (tpo), Na(+)/I- symporter (nis), Na(+)/I- symporter (nis), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (tshr), thyroid transcription factor 1 (ttf-1) and paired-domain protein-8 (pax-8) genes in FRTL-5 cells and investigate the mechanism of amitrole for intervening in thyroid hormone activity. METHODS: FRTL-5 cells were treated with amitrole at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml for 24 h, respectively, after which the cells were collected for extraction of the total RNA. RT-PCR was used to examine the effects of amitrole on the transcription of tg, tpo, nis, tshr, pax-8 and ttf-1 genes in FRTL-5 cells. RESULTS: Amitrole significantly induced tg gene transcription at all the doses, but produced no obvious effects on tpo and nis gene transcription. At the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, amitrole significantly reduced pax-8 and tshr gene transcription but increased ttf-1 gene transcription. CONCLUSION: The effects of amitrole on thyroid hormone activity may be related with its actions on tg, ttf-1, tshr and pax-8 gene transcription.
Subject(s)
Amitrole/toxicity , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Thyroglobulin/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Enzyme Inhibitors/toxicity , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344 , Receptors, Thyrotropin/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Thyroid Gland/cytology , Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Sulphamethazine on the gene expression of FRTL-5 cells, and to explore the mechaniams of environmental thyroid hormone disruptors. METHODS: cDNA microarray technique was used to analyze the gene expression of FRTL-5 cells of exponential phase treated by 2.0 microg/ml Sulphamethazine for 24 h. Total RNA from treated and untreated cells were labeled by Cy3 dCTP and Cy5 dCTP respectively. The ratios of Cy3/Cy5 were calculated in order to find the genes which expressed differently. RESULTS: There were 679 genes (approximately 7%, total 9753 genes) exhibiting different expression, in which 395 (4.0%) genes up-regulated and 284 (3.0%) genes down-regulated. These genes related to regulation of gene expression, regulation of cell cycle, metabolism in cells, and so on. CONCLUSION: The effect of Sulphamethazine on FRTL-5 cells may be related with a series of genes.
