[Phosphorus threshold for the shift between grass- and algae-stable states in Dahong Harbor of Gehu Lake].

Taking the macrophytes remaining area in Dahong Harbor of Gehu Lake as test object, this paper studied the phosphorus threshold for the shift between grass- and algae-stable states under natural conditions. The correlation analysis on the environmental factors showed that the total phosphorous in water body had better liner relationships with phytoplankton chlorophyll a and Secchi depth, and principal component analysis indicated that total phosphorous and nitrogen in the water body were the two main components affecting the water quality, among which, total phosphorous was the maximum weight source and played a determinant role in the shift between grass- and algae-stable states. The Harbor was in grass-stable state in winter, shifted to grass-algae intermediate state in spring, and kept the intermediate state in summer and autumn. The total phosphorous threshold for grass-stable state shifting to grass-algae intermediate state was 61 microg x L(-1), and that for grass-algae intermediate state shifting to algae-stable state was 115 microg x L(-1). In order to make the ecosystem shift from algae-stable state to grass-stable state, some measures such as cutting and controlling the Lake's nutrient sources, removing the sediment rich in organic matter, and constructing submerged macrophytes areas should be adopted to make the total phosphorous threshold in the water body dropped to below 61 microg x L(-1).

[Dynamics model analysis of pollutants removal in aerated vertical-flow wetland].

Based on the dynamic model building of pollutants removal in aerated vertical-flow constructed wetland, data of the wetland under different aeration conditions were analysed. Different aeration conditions' k values were calculated, which represented the pollutants removal kinetic constants. The results demonstrate that the efficiency of pollutants removal is higher with the increasing gas-water ratio. The most favorable designing gas-water ratio of the aerated vertical-flow constructed wetland was chosen as 2 : 1 through analysis of curve fits by regression with kinetic constants values and gas-water ratio values. The corresponding k values of BOD5 and NH4(+) -N are 3.8 d(-1) and 4.1 d(-1) respectively.

[Oxygen transfer efficiency of four kinds substrates applied in artificial aeration vertical-flow wetland].

In subsurface flow constructed wetlands, artificial aeration plays an important role in enhancing the ability of pollutant removal. Oxygenation capacity of four substrates, limestone, vesuvianite, 500 grade ceramisite and high-strength ceramisite, are tested under three kinds of gas volume [0.19, 0.38, 0.76 m3 x (m2 x h)(-1)] in artificial aeration vertical-flow wetland. When the gas volume is 0.19 m3 x (m2 x h)(-1), the results demonstrate that the oxygen utilization of 500 grade ceramisite and high-strength ceramisite are highest as 14.39% and 14.21%, and the oxygen utilization of limestone and vesuvianite are 11.68% and 13.11% respectively. With the increase of aeration intensity, oxygen transfer efficiency parameter KLa rises accordingly. However, the oxygen utilization of vesuvianite and two other kinds of ceramisite decreases with the increase of aeration intensity. The oxygen utilization of vesuvianite, 500 grad ceramisite and high-strength ceramisite are lower as 7.67%, 10.46% and 10.77% respectively when the aeration intensity is 0.76 m3 x (m2 x h)(-1). On the contrary, the oxygen utilization of limestone get its maximum value of 14.04% as the aeration intensity is 0.38 m3 x (m2 x h)(-1).

[Spatial distribution and its environmental analysis of chironomid larvae in Fuxian Lake of Yunnan Province].

A field survey was made on the chironomid larvae in Fuxian Lake of Yunnan Province from June to July 2005. A total of 6 species belonging to 5 genera were collected, among which, Procladius choreus and Chironomous plumosus were the dominant species, with a sum of their relative density and of relative biomass being 94.9% and 97.5%, respectively. The average density of chironomid larvae in the lake was (275 +/- 333) ind x m(-2), and the average biomass was (0.642 +/- 0.763) g x m(-2) x P. choreus distributed all over the lake, C. plumosus mainly distributed in the water area at the south of Mingxingyudong, while other species distributed locally. Micropsectra sp., a typical species distributing in deep oligotrophic water, had an average distribution water depth of 107.2 m. The density of chironomid larvae had a significant positive correlation with water depth, and increased in the sequences of sand or gravel bottom < sand bottom < mud bottom, and submerged macrophyte area < no submerged macrophyte area. Compared with the survey data around 1980, the occurrence frequency and standing stock of chironomid larvae increased greatly, and the indicator species C. plumosus for eutrophic water appeared, indicating that the nutritional level of Fuxian Lake was being improved.