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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 21(19): 11500-9, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24906831

ABSTRACT

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are the most common organic pollutants in groundwater systems worldwide. In this study, we developed bio-beads with immobilized anaerobic bacteria, zero-valent iron (ZVI), and activated carbon (AC) powder and evaluated their efficacy in removing 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) from groundwater. Bio-beads were produced by polyvinyl alcohol, alginate, and AC powder. We found that the concentration of AC powder used significantly affected the mechanical properties of immobilized bio-beads and that 1.0 % (w/v) was the optimal concentration. The bio-beads effectively degraded TCA (160 mg L(-1)) in the anaerobic medium and could be reused up to six times. The TCA degradation rate of bio-beads was 1.5 and 2.3 times greater, respectively, than ZVI + AC treatment or microbes + AC treatment. Measuring FeS produced by microbial reactions indicated that TCA removal occurred via FeS-catalyzed dechlorination. Analysis of clonal libraries derived from bio-beads demonstrated that the dominant species in the community were Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, which may contribute to the long-term stability of ZVI reactivity during TCA dechlorination. This study shows that the combined use of immobilized anaerobic bacteria, ZVI, and AC in bio-beads is effective and practical for TCA dechlorination and suggests they may be applicable towards developing a groundwater treatment system for the removal of TCA.


Subject(s)
Bacteria, Anaerobic/metabolism , Carbon/chemistry , Iron/chemistry , Trichloroethanes , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification , Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Ferrous Compounds/metabolism , Groundwater/chemistry , Molecular Sequence Data , Trichloroethanes/chemistry , Trichloroethanes/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Water Purification/methods
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