Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae).

Five new species of the genus Hermonassa Walker, 1865 (H.nigricanssp. nov., H.conusasp. nov., H.brunneocuprinasp. nov., H.albimaculasp. nov., and H.linzhiensis, sp. nov. are described from Autonomic Region Xizang, China (Tibet). Hermonassanigricanssp. nov. is distributed in Nepal and China, and the Himalayan species H.kalamantra Kovács, G. Ronkay & L. Ronkay, 2018 is reсorded for China for the first time. The occurrences of H.anthracina Boursin, 1967 in Nepal is questionable taking in the account the presence of two externally hardly distinguishable species, H.kalamantra and H.nigricanssp. nov. New collecting data for H.yixincheni Han & Li, 2007 and H.oleographa Hampson, 1911 in China are presented. Five species groups are reviewed, and three species groups are designated.

Letrasilta, a new genus for the Striatella cernyi Volynkin species-group with description of a new species from Xizang, China, and a replacement name for the genus group name Striatella Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini).

The name Striatochrista nom. n. is introduced as replacement for Striatella Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019. A new genus, Letrasilta S.-Y. Huang & Volynkin gen. n. is erected to include the Striatella cernyi species-group with the new species, L. ratnasambhava S.-Y. Huang, Volynkin & Yin sp. n. from Xizang, southwestern China designated as the type species. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new genus is found to be sister to the clade (Aberrasine + ((Indiania + Idopterum) + Striatochrista nom. n.)) but is distinguished from all the relevant genera by the unique genitalia features. Letrasilta cernyi (Volynkin, 2018) comb. n. is also reported from India for the first time. Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned taxa are illustrated. A checklist of the genus Striatochrista is also provided.

Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Agalope Walker from mainland China, with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Chalcosiinae).

New information of the genus Agalope Walker, 1854 from mainland China is presented. Three new species of the Agalope pica species-group are described: A. haoi S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from Weixi County, Yunnan, A. chayuensis S.-Y. Huang Pan sp. n. from Chayu County, Southeastern Xizang and A. owadai S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from Bomi and Jiali Counties, Southeastern and Eastern Xizang. The little-known Agalope aurelia Oberthr, 1923 and A. lucia Oberthr, 1923 were rediscovered, with the male of the latter reported for the first time. Based on the newly discovered male, Agalope lucia is found to be a close relative of A. dejeani, hence it is excluded from the A. pica species-group and transferred to the A. bieti species-group. A new species of the Agalope hyalina species-group is also described: A. jianqingi S.-Y. Huang sp. n. from Pianma, Western Yunnan. Adults and genitalia of the aforementioned and related taxa are illustrated. An updated checklist of the genus is also provided.

Taxonomic review of the genus Ammathella Volynkin, 2019 with descriptions of three new species from southeastern Xizang, China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini).

A brief taxonomic review of the lithosiinid genus Ammathella Volynkin, 2019 is presented. Three new species of the genus Ammathella Volynkin, 2019 are described from Motuo County, southeast Xizang: A.longicornuta S.-Y. Huang, Yin & Volynkin, sp. nov., A.lhoba S.-Y. Huang, Yin & Volynkin, sp. nov., and A.monpa S.-Y. Huang, Yin & Volynkin, sp. nov. A key to the species of the genus is provided. Adults and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated.

Three new species of Hygrodromicus/ Tronquet, 1981 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini) from China.

Three new species of the genus Hygrodromicus Tronquet, 1981 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini) from China are described and illustrated: H. carbonarius Cheng, Li Peng sp. n., H. danlangi Cheng, Li Peng sp. n. (Xizang), and H. shaanxiensis Cheng, Li Peng sp. n. (Shaanxi). The genus Hygrodromicus is recorded from China for the first time. A key and distribution map of the Chinese species of Hygrodromicus are provided.

A novel recessive mutation affecting DNAJB6a causes myofibrillar myopathy.

Mutations in the DNAJB6 gene have been identified as rare causes of myofibrillar myopathies. However, the underlying pathophysiologica mechanisms remain elusive. DNAJB6 has two known isoforms, including the nuclear isoform DNAJB6a and the cytoplasmic isoform DNAJB6b, which was thought to be the pathogenic isoform. Here, we report a novel recessive mutation c.695_699del (p. Val 232 Gly fs*7) in the DNAJB6 gene, associated with an apparently recessively inherited late onset distal myofibrillar myopathy in a Chinese family. Notably, the novel mutation localizes to exon 9 and uniquely encodes DNAJB6a. We further identified that this mutation decreases the mRNA and protein levels of DNAJB6a and results in an age-dependent recessive toxic effect on skeletal muscle in knock-in mice. Moreover, the mutant DNAJB6a showed a dose-dependent anti-aggregation effect on polyglutamine-containing proteins in vitro. Taking together, these findings reveal the pathogenic role of DNAJB6a insufficiency in myofibrillar myopathies and expand upon the molecular spectrum of DNAJB6 mutations.

Nephrotoma Meigen (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Xizang Autonomous Region, China.

Eight species of the genus Nephrotoma were previously known to occur in Xizang Autonomous Region. Here, three species are added to the fauna of Xizang. Among them two species, N. beibengensis sp. nov. and N. hanae sp. nov. are described and illustrated as new to science, and one species, N. evittata Alexander, 1935 is recorded from Xizang for the first time. The following four species are redescribed: N. claviformis Yang & Yang, 1987, N. didyma Yang & Yang, 1987, N. nigrohalterata Edwards, 1928, and N. xizangensis Yang & Yang, 1987. A key to the species of Nephrotoma from Xizang is presented.

New data of Nazeris Fauvel in Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae).

A new species of Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated: N. zhifeii Hu Pan, sp. n. A key to Nazeris species in Xizang and a map showing their distribution are given.

Restoration of basic hand function following devastating hand injuries using a microsurgically fabricated chimeric iliac osteocutaneous flap.

Reconstruction following devastating hand injuries, with amputations of the thumb plus multiple digits, is challenging. Double flap or combined flap transfers may be options in such cases. Between 2012 and 2014, 6 patients underwent hand reconstruction following devastating injuries with amputations of the thumb and multiple digits. Sensate anterolateral thigh free flaps and superficial circumflex iliac artery osteocutaneous flaps were microsurgically fabricated as sequential chimeric flaps. Basic hand function, including pulp-to-palm distance, pinch strength, sensation recovery and modified DASH scores, were evaluated. Anterolateral thigh flaps were used as "piggyback" flaps, and their size ranged from 8 cm × 16 cm to 10 cm × 25 cm. Cutaneous portions of superficial circumflex iliac artery osteocutaneous flaps ranged in size from 4 cm × 5 cm to 7 cm × 15 cm, and bone flap size ranged from 1 cm × 3 cm × 0.8 cm to 1 cm × 4 cm × 1 cm. All of the flaps survived uneventfully. All patients were able to perform basic hand functions after a median follow-up of 1.8 years. Microsurgically fabricated chimeric iliac osteocutaneous flaps may restore basic hand function to some extent. This procedure is an option worth considering for hand reconstruction following devastating injuries in carefully selected patients.

Treatment of complex metacarpal defects with free chimeric iliac osteocutaneous flaps.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to present the clinical results of using free chimeric iliac osteocutaneous flaps based on the periosteal branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) in complex metacarpal reconstructions. METHODS: Reconstruction using free chimeric iliac osteocutaneous flaps was performed in a series of seven patients who underwent metacarpal reconstruction for complex metacarpal defects between March 2009 and March 2012. The procedure was performed for bone and soft tissue losses associated with posttraumatic infections (four patients) and posttraumatic bone and soft tissue defects (three patients). RESULTS: The skin paddles of the chimeric flaps had a median size of 3 × 7 cm, and the iliac segments had a mean size of 1 × 1 × 3 cm. The median follow-up time was 18 months. All the flaps survived completely with no signs of infection. Osseous union occurred within a mean period of 3 months, and the range of motion achieved for the metacarpal phalangeal joints was 0-80°. The patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Chimeric iliac osteocutaneous flaps may be a useful alternative for treating complex metacarpal defects because they yield a thinner skin paddle and less bulky bone segment than traditional flaps.

Three new species of Nazeris Fauvel in Xizang, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae).

The paederine genus Nazeris Fauvel, 1873 previously included 241 described species and seven subspecies (Assing, 2016). As many as 49 species have been recorded from the Himalaya (Assing, 2014). In China, Yunnan has the greatest diversity of Nazeris (45 species). Xizang is the second largest province of China, and adjacent to Yunnan and the Himalaya. But only two Nazeris species have been described from this area: N. motuensis Hu, Li & Zhao, 2008 and N. tangi Hu, Li & Zhao, 2008. Both of them were found in eastern Xizang. Three additional species in the insect collection of the Shanghai Normal University are described in this paper.

Two new species and new records of Stilicoderus Sharp from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae).

Two new species of the genus Stilicoderus Sharp, 1889 from China are described and illustrated: S. maolini sp. nov. (Jiangxi, Hunan) of the S. variolosus group and S. chengrani sp. nov. (Xizang) of the S. signatus group. Additional records of eleven described species of Stilicoderus are given.

A new species of Buprestis subgenus Akiyamaia from South-Eastern Tibet, China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestini).

Buprestis (Akiyamaia) intercostata sp. n. is described from Chayu, south-eastern Tibet. It is characterized by the presence of three additional longitudinal carinae inserted between the elevated suture and the three normal costae commonly found on each elytron of the previously known species of Akiyamaia.

A new species of Nemacerota Hampson, [1893] (Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae) from Tibet, China.

The genus Nemacerota Hampson, [1893] includes 14 species worldwide, which are mainly distributed from Pakistan along the main Himalayan chain, the eastern frontier of the Tibetan plateau and the Central Chinese mountains to the northern Pacific regions. Ten species have been recorded from China. Among them, only N. tancrei (Graeser, 1888) occurs in NE China, whereas all other taxa inhabit mountainous areas in Central China, the eastern frontier of the Tibetan plateau or Tibet. N. igorkostjuki Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 is found only in the southern edge of Tibet (Nyalam = Nielamu); N. mandibulata Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007, N. taurina Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007, N. stueningi Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007, N. pectinata (Houlbert, 1921), N. inouei Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 and N. owadai Laszlo, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 are known from Mt. Taibaishan, Shaanxi Province; N. griseobasalis (Sick, 1941), N. decorata (Sick, 1941) and N. pectinata (Houlbert, 1921) occur in the northwestern parts of Yunnan Province (and, possibly, also in southern Sichuan).        Here we describe a new species from the Linzhi area, Autonomous Region Xizang (Tibet), China. Specimens were dissected and examined using standard methods; adult photographs were photographed with a Nikon D700; genitalic slides were photographed using the Qcapture pro system, and processed in Adobe Photoshop CS5 software.

Posterior interosseous free flap for finger re-surfacing.

BACKGROUND: The authors present their clinical experience and surgical methods of soft-tissue coverage for the finger using a posterior interosseous free flap. METHODS: Twelve posterior interosseous free flaps, including two dual-paddle flaps, were performed in 12 patients. Indications included: 1) patients with soft-tissue coverage of the dorsum of the finger (n=4), pulp (n=1), fingertip and pulp (n=5), 2) patients subsequent to release of finger and palm contracture (n=1) and 3) patients subsequent to finger separation (n=1). The posterior interosseous vessels were ligated below the level at which the motor branch to the extensor carpi ulnaris crossed the vessel superficially. The recipient vessels were the proper digital artery and palmar subcutaneous vein (n=10), deep branch of the ulnar palm artery (n=1), superficial branch of the radial palm artery (n=1) and the vena comitante. The cosmetic appearance of the donor and recipient sites, static two-point discrimination and active total range of motion of the operated finger were evaluated in a follow-up visit. RESULTS: All flaps survived completely and all donor sites were closed directly, leaving a linear scar. De-fatting of the flap was carried out in one case in the late postoperative period; all other patients achieved a cosmetically acceptable result. Static two-point discrimination scores averaged 11 mm (range: 8-15 mm). Postoperatively, seven patients maintained normal flexion and extension of the joint. Two patients who had experienced a fracture and flexor injury recovered near-normal flexion and extension after flexor release; the other patients only recovered partially due to severe preoperative joint stiffness. Preoperatively, the active total range of motion of the operated fingers averaged 187 (range: 20-260). The average active total range of motion of the operated fingers at the last follow-up was 210 (range: 60-260). There was a significant difference between the preoperative and follow-up values (p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: The posterior interosseous free flap may become one valuable option for finger re-surfacing. Avoiding the sacrifice of a main artery of the hand and shorter pedicle can reduce the morbidity and operative time associated with this procedure. In addition, separate regions can be reconstructed with a dual-paddle flap.