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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) infected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was broken out in Wuhan and Hubei province for more than a month. It severely threats peoples health of thousands in Chin and even other countries. In order to prevent its wide spread, it is necessary to understand the development of the epidemic with precise mathematical language. METHODSThe various data of novel coronavirus pneumonia were collected from the official websites of the National Health Committee of the Peoples Republic of China. According to epidemic and administrative division, three groups were divided to analyze the data, Hubei Province (including Wuhan), nationwide without Hubei and Henan Province. With classic SIR models, the fitting epidemiological curves of incidence have made, and basic reproduction number (R0) was also calculated as well. Therefore the diseases infection intensity, peak time and the epidemiological end time can be deduced. RESULTS(1) Wuhan was the origin place of the epidemic, then it spread to Hubei province quickly. The patients in Hubei had increased rapidly with exponential rise. According to data in Hubei province, the fitting parabolas were made, and some with 51,673 cases. R0 curve shows with S-curve, at early breakout, R0 was as high as 6.27, then it decrease gradually. It is expected to approach to zero in early May; (2) In the group of nationwide without Hubei, the patient cases were much lower than Hubei, but its epidemiological fitting curve also shows a parabola as Hubei. The peak will arrive around February 10 with 9,145 cases. At beginning, R0 was as high as 2.44, then it decreases gradually and approach to zero in the end of March. (3) In Henan Province, the incidence stays very low, the parabolic fitting curve is similar to the nationwide without Hubei. The epidemic is expected to reach the peak on around February 12 and end in early April. CONCLUSIONThe epidemic development in all three groups shows parabolic curves. Their incidences are expected to reach their peaks on February 18 in Hubei, on February 10 in other areas of China. The epidemic will end in early May in Hubei, and in early April in other areas of China. Our study may provide useful knowledge for the government to make prevention and treatment policies.
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Exogenous calcium can enhance the resistance of certain plants to abiotic stress. Research have demonstrated that exogenous calcium could enhances the resistance of honeysuckle under salt stress by promoting the transmission of photosynthetic electrons.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous calcium on the contents of Na~+,K~+,Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)and the expression of photosynthetic related genes Cab and rbc L. In this study,we used ICP-OES to analysis ion contents and used qRT-PCR to analysis the expression patterns of Cab and rbc L. The results showed that CaCl_2 significantly enhanced the K~+-Na~+,Ca~(2+)-Na~+,Mg~(2+)-Na+ratio of honeysuckle treated with 50 and 100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl. Meanwhile,Cab and rbc L were significantly up-regulated under short-term salt stress,and CaCl_2 promoted this trend. From the two gene expression patterns,rbc L rapidly up-regulated on the first day of stress and then decreased,and was more sensitive to environmental changes. In summary,exogenous calcium could alleviate salt stress and increase plant development by increasing intracellular K~+-Na~+,Ca~(2+)-Na~+,Mg~(2+)-Na+ratio,and the transient overexpression of Cab and rbc L.
Subject(s)
Calcium , Physiology , Cations , Lonicera , Physiology , Photosynthesis , Salt StressABSTRACT
Objective:To campare the hepatotoxicity on BRL and nephrotoxicity on NRK caused by dichloromethane site of Genkwa Flos before and after being processed with vinegar. Method:BRL of normal hepatocytes and NRK of normal renal cells in rats were selected as the subjects.Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide method(MTT) was adopted to evaluate the effect of dichloromethane sites of raw and vinegar-processed products on cell activity of NRK and BRL.The levels or contents of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),glutathione(GSH),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were determined in cell culture supernatant and splitting supernatant for evaluation of their oxidative damage effect. Result:Compared with the blank group,dichloromethane site of raw products could obviously inhibit the cell activity of NRK and BRL,and increase the levels of AST,ALT,ALP and LDH(PPPPConclusion:Processing with vinegar can attenuate the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity on NRK and BRL caused by dichloromethane site of Genkwa Flos,it can improve hepatic and renal function and antioxidant capacity.
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To screen the toxic polar fractions of Daphne genkwa, compare the toxicity of D. genkwa on crypts epithelial cells IEC-6 before and after vinegar processing, and preliminarily investigate the mechanism of D. genkwa vinegar processing on toxicity reducing. The proliferation of IEC-6 cells was observed by MTT. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the enzyme activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase were determined in IEC-6 cells to evaluate the oxidative damages degree of IEC-6 cells. The apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by Flow Cytometry. The results showed that the dichloromethane extraction was the toxic polar fraction of D. genkwa, and after vinegar processing, the toxicity of dichloromethane fraction was significantly reduced (<0.01). As compared with the blank control group, the dichloromethane fraction of D. genkwa can obviously decrease the levels of SOD, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase (<0.01) and content of GSH, but increase the level of LDH and MDA in cell supernatant (<0.01). Besides, it obviously increased the early and late apoptotic rate of IEC-6 cells, obviously decreased the proportion of G₁stage cells, increased the ratio of S stage cells and M stage cells (<0.01). After vinegar processing, as compared with D. genkwa groups of various doses, it can significantly increase the levels of SOD, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase (<0.01) and content of GSH, decrease the level of LDH, MDA(<0.01), significantly decrease the early and late apoptosis rate of IEC-6 cells (<0.01), increase the proportion of G₁stage cells, and decrease the ratio of S stage cells and M stage cells (<0.01). Vinegar processing can reduce the toxicity of dichloromethane fraction of D. genkwa, and its mechanism may be associated with improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and permeability in IEC-6 cells, and decreasing the oxidative damage.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and significance of CD151 in pituitary adenomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six pituitary adenomas were collected immediately after surgery together with five normal pituitary tissue. Real time-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to detect the expression of CD151 mRNA and protein in thirty-six pituitary adenomases and five normal pituitary tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of CD151 in all pituitary adenomases was observed to be significantly higher than that in normal pituitary tissues by Western blot, real time PCR, and immunohistochemistry analysis (P < 0.01). The expression levels of protein and mRNA in invasive pituitary adenomas were much higher than those in non-invasive pituitary adenomas (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that the expression of CD151 was closely correlated with malignant degree of pituitary adenomas, which indicated the expression of CD151 was intimately correlated with occurrence and development of pituitary adenomas. Detecting CD151 might be a vital index to predict prognosis of pituitary adenomas.</p>
