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1.
Opt Lett ; 41(15): 3571-4, 2016 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27472621

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to demonstrate a holographically driven photopolymerization process for joining colloidal particles to create planar microstructures fixed to a substrate, which can be monitored with real-time measurement. Holographic optical tweezers (HOT) have been used to arrange arrays of microparticles prior to this work; here we introduce a new photopolymerization process for rapidly joining simultaneously handled microspheres in a plane. Additionally, we demonstrate a new process control technique for efficiently identifying when particles have been successfully joined by measuring a sufficient reduction in the particles' Brownian motion. This technique and our demonstrated joining approach enable HOT technology to take critical steps toward automated additive fabrication of microstructures.

2.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther ; 35(5): 587-99, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22251419

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) significantly decreases quality of life and the ability to perform daily living activities. AIM: To demonstrate the long-term safety, tolerability and patient outcomes of lubiprostone in patients with IBS-C. METHODS: This extension study enrolled 522 IBS-C patients who had completed one of two randomised phase 3 studies. All enrolled patients received open-label lubiprostone orally for 36-weeks (8 mcg, twice daily). The primary objective was the assessment of long-term safety and tolerability, monitored via adverse events (AEs), laboratory parameters and vital signs. Additional outcome endpoints included monthly responder rates and patient evaluations of IBS-C symptom severity and impact on quality of life. RESULTS: The evaluable safety population comprised of 520 patients; 476 of which had patient reported outcome data available. The overall safety profile of lubiprostone during this study was similar to that observed in the preceding phase 3 studies. The most common AEs were diarrhoea (11.0%), nausea (11.0%), urinary tract infection (9.0%), sinusitis (9.0%) and abdominal distention (5.8%). Diarrhoea and nausea were the most common treatment-related AEs. No serious AEs were considered treatment-related. Seventeen patients discontinued due to a treatment-related AE, of which diarrhoea and nausea accounted for six (1.2%) and three (0.6%) respectively. For responder rates and patient-evaluated parameters (n = 476), all groups experienced significant improvements from baseline, with initial improvements maintained throughout the study. CONCLUSION: In patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, lubiprostone 8 mcg twice daily was found to be safe and well tolerated over 9-13 months of treatment.


Subject(s)
Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives , Constipation/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy , Activities of Daily Living , Adult , Alprostadil/adverse effects , Chloride Channel Agonists , Chloride Channels/adverse effects , Defecation/drug effects , Female , Humans , Lubiprostone , Male , Middle Aged , Quality of Life/psychology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
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