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1.
World J Clin Cases ; 10(26): 9264-9275, 2022 Sep 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36159417

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is one of the diagnostic standards for primary liver cancer (PLC); however, AFP exhibits insufficient sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PLC. AIM: To evaluate the effects of high-risk factors and the diagnostic value of AFP in stratified PLC. METHODS: In total, 289 PLC cases from 2013 to 2019 were selected for analysis. First, the contributions of high-risk factors in stratifying PLC were compared according to the following criteria: Child-Pugh score, clinical stage of liver cirrhosis, tumor size, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. Then, the diagnostic value of AFP was evaluated in different stratifications of PLC by receiver operating characteristic curves. For PLC cases in which AFP played little role, the diagnostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and AFP were analyzed. RESULTS: The roles of high-risk factors differed in stratified PLC. The incidence of smoking and drinking history was higher in PLC with Child-Pugh scores of C (P < 0.0167). The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate in PLC with cirrhosis was more than in PLC without cirrhosis (P < 0.0167). Small tumors were more prone to cirrhosis than large tumors (P < 0.005). BCLC stage D PLC was more likely to be associated with HBV infection and cirrhosis (P < 0.0083). AFP levels were higher in PLC with cirrhosis, diffuse tumors, and BCLC stage D disease. In diagnosing PLC defined as Child-Pugh A, B, and C, massive hepatoma, diffuse hepatoma, BCLC stage B, C, and D, and AFP showed significant diagnostic value [all area under the curve (AUC) > 0.700]. However, these measures were meaningless (AUC < 0.600) in small hepatomas and BCLC A stage PLC, but could be replaced by the combined detection of CEA, CA 19-9, GGT, and AFP (AUC = 0.810 and 0.846, respectively). CONCLUSION: Stratification of PLC was essential for precise diagnoses and benefited from evaluating AFP levels.

2.
World J Gastrointest Oncol ; 14(6): 1124-1140, 2022 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35949216

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The functions of infiltrating CD8+ T cells are often impaired due to tumor cells causing nutrient deprivation in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the mechanisms of CD8+ T cell dysfunction have become a hot research topic, and there is increased interest on how changes in metabolomics correlate with CD8+ T cell dysfunction. AIM: To investigate whether and how glutamine metabolism affects the function of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence were performed on surgically resected liver tissues from patients. Differentially expressed genes in infiltrating CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma were detected using RNA sequencing. Activated CD8+ T cells were co-cultured with Huh-7 cells for 3 d. The function and mitochondrial status of CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscopy. Next, CD8+ T cells were treated with the mitochondrial protective and damaging agents. Functional alterations in CD8+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Then, complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells and their functional changes and mitochondrial status were detected. RESULTS: There were a large number of infiltrating PD-1+CD8+ T cells in liver cancer tissues. Next, we co-cultured CD8+ T cells and Huh-7 cells to explore the regulatory effect of hepatoma cells on CD8+ T cells. Flow cytometry results revealed increased PD-1 expression and decreased secretion of perforin (PRF1) and granzyme B (GZMB) by CD8+ T cells in the co-culture group. Meanwhile, JC-1 staining was decreased and the levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were increased in CD8+ T cells of the co-culture group; additionally, the mitochondria of these cells were swollen. When CD8+ T cells were treated with the mitochondrial protective and damaging agents, their function was restored and inhibited, respectively, through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways. Subsequently, complete medium without glutamine was used to culture cells. As expected, CD8+ T cells showed functional downregulation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Glutamine deprivation impairs the function of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the mitochondrial damage and apoptotic pathways.

3.
Int J Gen Med ; 14: 2751-2761, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34188529

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction of the survival of cutaneous melanoma (CM) permits the selection of the optimal treatment. Currently, the TNM stage has limitations in predicting the survival of CM. There is evidence that the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway has the potential to predict the CM prognosis. However, it still needs further investigation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish a nomogram incorporating the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway to improve the predicted accuracy of the overall survival (OS) of CM. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty CM patients were recruited and followed up. The clinicopathological characteristics and the key genes of the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway (VEGF, ß-catenin, and DKK1) were chosen as potential variables associated with the OS. In the training cohort (n = 190), a nomogram was built to estimate the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS, and its discriminations and calibrations were valid by the verification cohort (n = 90). The predicted accuracies of the nomogram with or without the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway and TNM stage were compared. RESULTS: A nomogram integrating independent risk factors (ulceration, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, Breslow thickness, dermal mitoses, ß-catenin, VEGF, and DKK1), which were evaluated by a multivariate analysis, was constructed to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of CM patients. Good discrimination and calibration were obtained regardless of the training or validation datasets. The nomogram incorporating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway showed the highest accuracy [area under the curve (AUC)=0.914, 0.852, 0.785] compared with the nomogram without the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway (AUC=0.693, 0.640, 0.615) and the TNM stage (AUC=0.726, 0.693, 0.673). CONCLUSION: The prognostic value of the established nomogram incorporating the WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway was better than it without WNT/ß-catenin signaling pathway and TNM stage, which might be beneficial in the development of optimal treatment options.

4.
Urol Oncol ; 27(4): 400-6, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18818109

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to identify differences in protein expression profiles between superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) and normal urothelial cells. We used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to harvest purified cells, and used two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) followed by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) to separate and identify the peptide mixture. A total of 440/438 proteins commonly appeared in 4 paired specimens. Multi-step bioinformatic procedures were used for the analysis of identified proteins; 175/179 of the 293/287 proteins that were specific expressed in tumor/normal cells own gene ontology (GO) biological process annotation. Compared with the entire list of the international protein index (IPI), there are 52/46 GO terms exhibited as enriched and 6/10 exhibited as depleted, respectively. Significantly altered pathways between tumor and normal cells mainly include oxidative phosphorylation, focal adhesion, etc. Finally, descriptive statistics show that the shotgun proteomics strategy has practice directive significance for biomarker discovery by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technology.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Urothelium/pathology , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Computational Biology/methods , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Humans , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Models, Genetic , Phosphorylation , Proteomics/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
5.
Int Urol Nephrol ; 41(3): 571-7, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18810651

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the risk factors for invasive bladder cancer and to develop a predictive model for the improvement of individual comprehensive therapy for invasive bladder cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 356 patients with invasive bladder cancer, operated on at three Chinese medical institutes, were reviewed. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the clinical and pathological variables affecting disease-free survival (DFS). The regression coefficients determined by Cox regression analysis were used to construct a predictive index (PI). PI was used to categorize the patients into different risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves followed with log-rank test were plotted to compare the difference. RESULTS: Tumor configuration (RR = 1.60, P = 0.01), multiplicity (RR = 1.41, P = 0.04), histological subtype (RR = 2.13, P < 0.01), tumor stage (RR = 2.50, P < 0.01), tumor grade (RR = 2.35, P < 0.01), node status (RR = 2.48, P < 0.01), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (RR = 0.46, P = 0.02), had independent prognostic significance for DFS. PI = 0.47 x (configuration) + 0.34 x (multiplicity) + 0.76 x (tumor histological subtype) + 0.92 x (stage) + 0.86 x (grade) + 0.91 x (node status) - 0.79 x (neoadjuvant chemotherapy). The range of PI was -0.32 to 6.52, which was equally divided into three risk groups with significant differences on Kaplan-Meier curves and a log-rank test (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the patient's probability of survival could be calculated by PI. CONCLUSIONS: Seven factors (tumor configuration, multiplicity, histological subtype, tumor stage, tumor grade, node status, neoadjuvant chemotherapy) affect the prognosis after radical cystectomy (RC) for invasive bladder cancer. PI can be used to optimize the individual comprehensive therapy. Given fewer perioperative complications, fast recovery from surgery and relatively satisfactory quality of life, ureterocutaneostomy, and ileal conduit are suitable for the patients with short expected life spans.


Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , China , Cystectomy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Risk Assessment , Survival Rate , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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