Outage probability analysis of a cooperative NOMA UWOC system with multiuser scheduling under weak oceanic turbulence.

A downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) multiuser underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system with a greedy scheduling scheme has been proposed for the Internet of Underwater Things. In particular, the near user plays as a relay to assist the far user, and both decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward relaying protocols are considered. Relying on the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature formula, the analytical expressions for the outage probability of users are derived considering the degrading effects of the underwater channel, namely, absorption, scattering, and turbulence-induced fading. The outage performance is further analyzed systematically under different water types, targeted data rates, the number of users, the receiver aperture size, and the power allocation coefficient. Numerical results demonstrate that the performance of the far user can be improved by the proposed cooperative NOMA technology. Moreover, the proposed cooperative NOMA system performs better compared with both conventional OMA and non-cooperative NOMA systems. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to confirm the accuracy of derived expressions, which have a tight agreement with analytical results.

Establishment and analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competitive endogenous RNA identifies functional genes in heart failure.

Heart failure (HF), a common disease in adults, accounts for significantly global morbidity and mortality. Due to population aging, therapeutic progression in acute cardiovascular events, the prevalence of HF is increasing, in spite of the efficacy of multiple therapies for HF patients with decreased ejection fraction. Despite great progress in the underlying molecular mechanisms, it remains incompletely clear of the function of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in HF pathogenesis. Herein, we established an HF-related ceRNA network on the basis of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as mRNAs from GSE136547 and GSE124401 datasets. In brief, the ceRNA network composed of 58 mRNA nodes, 5 miRNA nodes, 82 lncRNA nodes as well as 252 edges. In addition, three lncRNAs (KCNQ1OT1, XIST and AC010336) with higher node degrees than other lncRNAs were chosen as hub nodes. At the same time, we have established five subnetwork of miR-17-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-107, miR-125a-5p and miR-140-5p centered ceRNA. Pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of ceRNA network in cell cycle pathways. Collectively, our research sheds new lights on the essential functions of ceRNA network in HF development, which also suggests possible application of these hub nodes as diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets.

ABER performance investigation of LDPC-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication system: publisher's note.

This publisher's note corrects several equations and a sentence in Appl. Opt.59, 1353 (2020)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.59.001353.

ABER performance investigation of LDPC-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication system.

The average bit error rate (ABER) performance of a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded multi-hop parallel underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is investigated with the combined effects of absorption, scattering, the misalignment characterized by the beam spread function, and the ocean turbulence-induced fading modeled by log-normal distribution. With the max-min criterion as the best path selection scheme, the cumulative distribution function for identically and independently distributed and non-identically and independently distributed links are derived, respectively. Then, the analytical ABER expressions of binary phase shift keying and multiple phase shift keying subcarrier intensity modulation schemes are deduced with the help of the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature rule, and they are also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, LDPC codes are applied in the simulation to improve the system performance. The results show that the combined degrading effects are mainly limited by the link length, especially under the coastal ocean condition. And the multi-hop parallel transmission demonstrates good ABER performance and can expand the communication range in ocean. Furthermore, LDPC codes can significantly improve the ABER performance of the UWOC system, and the coding gain is strongly affected by channel conditions and the corresponding parameters of LDPC codes. This work is beneficial for the UWOC system design.