ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis is one of the reported complications of isoniazid poisoning, but relevant data are limited. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on isoniazid poisoning cases seen at the Philippine General Hospital over 5 years (1992-1997). Patients excluded from the study were those who coingested other substances, including hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic drugs, those with underlying medical illnesses, and those without creatine phosphokinase muscle fraction determinations. RESULTS: Out of the 270 cases of isoniazid poisoning, 52 patient records were reviewed. Common clinical manifestations were seizures (100%), depressed sensorium (53%), and vomiting (45%). Laboratory results showed leukocytosis (74.5%), metabolic acidosis (29%), and impaired liver function tests (21%). Creatine phosphokinase muscle fraction was elevated in 59.6% of cases, beginning at a dose of 2.4 g. Values peaked on days 5 and 6 and declined on days 7 and 8. Statistically significant correlations were observed for the elevation of creatine phosphokinase muscle fraction with the duration/amount of drug ingested and the frequency of seizure. No correlation was observed between the frequency of seizures and elevated creatine phosphokinase muscle fraction nor between the time delay in consultation and elevation of creatine phosphokinase muscle fraction. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of rhabdomyolysis in isoniazid poisoning was 3/100 cases a year. The findings suggesting its direct toxic effect on the muscles may not be clinically relevant.
Subject(s)
Isoniazid/poisoning , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Creatine Kinase/blood , Creatine Kinase, MM Form , Female , Hospitals, General , Humans , Infant , Isoenzymes/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Philippines/epidemiology , Poisoning/epidemiology , Poisoning/physiopathology , Poisoning/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/chemically induced , Suicide , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Libraries of random peptide sequences were constructed and screened to identify peptides that specifically bind to proteins. In one of these about 2 X 10(7) different 15-residue peptide sequences were expressed on the surface of the coliphage M13. Each phage encoded a single random sequence and expressed it as a fusion complex with pIII, a minor coat protein present at five molecules per phage. Phage encoding nine different streptavidin-binding peptide sequences were isolated from this library. The core consensus sequence was His-Pro-Gln and binding of these phage to streptavidin was inhibited by biotin. This type of library makes it possible to identify peptides that bind to proteins (or other macromolecules) that have no previously known affinity for peptides.
Subject(s)
Peptides/metabolism , Proteins/metabolism , Adsorption , Amino Acid Sequence , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacteriophage lambda/genetics , Bacteriophage lambda/metabolism , Bacteriophages/genetics , Bacteriophages/isolation & purification , Bacteriophages/metabolism , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , DNA/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Gene Expression , Genetic Vectors , Molecular Sequence Data , Peptides/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Protein Binding , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Streptavidin , TransfectionABSTRACT
The complete nucleotide sequence of the maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) genome has been determined to be 4437 nucleotides. The viral genome has four long open reading frames (ORFs) which could encode polypeptides of 31.6, 50, 8.9 and 25.1 kd. If the termination codons, for the polypeptides encoded by the 50 and 8.9 kd ORFs are suppressed, readthrough products of 111 and 32.7 kd result. The 31.6 and 50 kd ORFs overlap for nearly the entire length of the 31.6 kd ORF. Striking amino acid homology has been observed between two potential polypeptides encoded by MCMV and polypeptides encoded by carnation mottle virus (CarMV) and turnip crinkle virus (TCV). The 25.1 kd ORF most likely encodes the capsid protein. The similar genome organization and amino acid sequence homology of MCMV with CarMV and TCV suggest an evolutionary relationship with these members of the carmovirus group.
Subject(s)
Plant Viruses/genetics , Zea mays/microbiology , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , Genes, Viral , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Viral/genetics , Restriction Mapping , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
A 230 base pair DNA segment containing the sequences 5' to the 700 to 750 nucleotide (nt) transcript 7' (ORF 3; RF Barker, KB Idler, DV Thompson, JD Kemp 1983 Plant Mol Biol 2: 335-350) of the octopine tumor inducing plasmid pTiA6 has been isolated. This region has (a) 180 base pairs of DNA upstream of the TATA box, (b) the start of RNA synthesis, and (c) the entire 5' untranslated region of the gene. We have fused this presumed promoter fragment to the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene from Tn5 in a plant expression cassette. After recombination into a tumor inducing plasmid delivery plasmid, this cassette confers selectable kanamycin resistance to transformed sunflower cells. Removal of the out-of-frame ATG in the 5' leader sequence of the NPTII gene by two different modifications increased both the levels of NPTII enzyme activity and the ID(50) for kanamycin in the tumor cells. The promoter region of the transcript 7 gene gives levels of kanamycin resistance equivalent to the nopaline synthase promoter and octopine synthase promoter when used in the same constructions and assayed in the same tissues.
