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1.
Nat Commun ; 4: 1484, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23403561

ABSTRACT

Brain cells are immersed in a complex structure forming the extracellular matrix. The composition of the matrix gradually matures during postnatal development, as the brain circuitry reaches its adult form. The fully developed extracellular environment stabilizes neuronal connectivity and decreases cortical plasticity as highlighted by the demonstration that treatments degrading the matrix are able to restore synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. The mechanisms through which the matrix inhibits cortical plasticity are not fully clarified. Here we show that a prominent component of the matrix, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), restrains morphological changes of dendritic spines in the visual cortex of adult mice. By means of in vivo and in vitro two-photon imaging and electrophysiology, we find that after enzymatic digestion of CSPGs, cortical spines become more motile and express a larger degree of structural and functional plasticity.


Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Dendritic Spines/physiology , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Neuronal Plasticity/physiology , Visual Cortex/growth & development , Visual Cortex/physiology , Animals , Chondroitin ABC Lyase/pharmacology , Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism , Dendritic Spines/drug effects , Electrodes , Evoked Potentials, Visual/drug effects , Extracellular Matrix/drug effects , Fluorescence , Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism , Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Movement/drug effects , Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects , Visual Cortex/drug effects
2.
Tissue Antigens ; 64(2): 210-2, 2004 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15245378

ABSTRACT

Abstract A new human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 allele, HLA-DRB1*1149, has been identified in three members of an Italian family during routine sequence based typing. This new allele differs from HLA-DRB1*110101 only for a single nucleotide substitution at position 113 of exon 2 resulting in an amino acid change from Valine (GTG) to Alanine (GCG) at codon 38.


Subject(s)
Alleles , HLA-DR Antigens/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Amino Acid Substitution , Base Sequence , HLA-DRB1 Chains , Humans , Italy , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Alignment
3.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 11(1): 68-73, oct. 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-721137

ABSTRACT

Los contactos intradomiciliarios de pacientes con lepra representan una población con riesgo de infección . El uso combinado de pruebas cutáneas y ELISA revela el grado de sensibilización, la capacidad de respuesta inmunológica y casos subclínicos de la enfermedad. Con base en lo anteriormente expuesto y con la finalidad de justificar el uso de estas pruebas, de rutina en otros contactos, se entrevistó el evaluó clínicamente a 211 contactos intradomiciliarios, de 32 casos de lepra registrados. Se colocó a los contactos lepramina intradérmica y se determinó niveles de anticuerpos específicos contra M. leprae (prueba de ELISA con PGL-1). De la población evaluada, 99.88 por ciento presentó reacción de Fernández negativa y 2/3 de ella presentó una reacción de Mitsuda positiva. Sólo 30.85 por ciento constituyó un grupo de riesgo por presentar reacción de Mitsuda negativa. Al correlacionar las pruebas cutáneas con el ELISA se mostró que ninguno presentaba lepra en fase subclínica y que un sólo caso de ELISA débilmente positivo resultó ser una infección pasada autolimitada. No se justifica usar todas las pruebas inmunológicas, en todos los contactos. Se recomienda usar pruebas cutáneas para detectar grupos de riesgo y para orientar quimiprofilaxis, reservado el uso del ELISA sólo para grupos de riesgo demostrado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Infection Control/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/pathology , Mycobacterium leprae/pathogenicity , Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , House Calls , Skin Tests/methods
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