[Potentialities of magnetic resonance imaging in the study of renal morphofunctional state in girls with internal genital malformations and space-occupying lesions].

The diagnosis of the anatomic and functional state of urinary organs in girls with internal genital malformations and space-occupying lesions involves magnetic resonance imaging by administering the optimized dose of a magnetic resonance contrast agent (MRCA). The technology makes it possible to evaluate the anatomic features of the urinary tract (magnetic resonance urography), to perform abdominal vascular magnetic resonance angiography, and to draw a conclusion on renal functional status in the use of dynamic magnetic resonance renography. Within a study using one injected MRCA dose, both the anatomic and functional state of the kidney status can be examined, by evaluating MRCA passage singly in the cortical and medullary substances and pelvises, which increases diagnostic accuracy by 46% and promotes the optimization of management tactics in this category of patients.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of chronic endometritis: capacities and methodic features].

By examining 83 females aged 17-48 years by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the authors conclude that the specificity and sensitivity of the technique without MR contrast agents in detecting chronic endometritis (CE) and chronic metroendometritis (CME) are 75.3 and 95.9%, respectively. On the MRI scans, hypertrophic and atrophic forms of CE have rather specific MR signs and appear as changes not only in the functional layer of the endometrium and transitional area, but also in the proper myometrium in CME. This all permits evaluating the degree of uterine wall involvement in the pathological process. Overall, the MRI criteria proposed by the authors can identify the signs of a chronic inflammatory process and its sequels and make a differential diagnosis this condition with female genital diseases to a high accuracy.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of different forms of endometriosis]. / Magnitno-resonansnaia tomografiia v diagnostike razlichnykh form éndometriozov.

The present paper examines the capacities of non-invasive MRI in the diagnosis of endometriosis. A standardized study algorithm is proposed, indications and methodology for MRI in different forms of endometriosis (EM) are specified. It is shown that in the diagnosis of different types of EM there are specific changes in the MR pattern of small pelvic organs, which allow one to make a differential diagnosis of this disease with a higher sensitivity (96%) and specificity (87%) as compared with ultrasound study. MRI makes it possible to assess the degree of invasion of endometrioid heterotopies into the wall of the intestine and cervix uteri with a high degree of accuracy and to judge the degree and extent of intestinal luminal narrowing. Diagnostic errors in solving these problems (as well as those associated with the detection of extragenital foci of EM in the small pelvis) are due first of all to movement artefacts a (respiration and intestinal motility) particularly in the presence of a significant adhesive process and/or after surgical intervention. MRI does not virtually yield false-negative conclusions in the diagnosis of different forms of genital endometriosis (less than 3%), which, in the authors' opinion, rather justifies some hyperdiagnosis (about 11%) made by this method in the diagnosis of endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum. MRI is a closing, specifying stage of instrumental diagnosis of not only EM, but also other small pelvic diseases.

[The role of magnetic resonance tomography in diagnosis of syringomyelia]. / Znachenie magnitno-resonansnoi tomografii v diagnostike siringomielii.

The paper presents the analysis of the results of the examination of 90 patients with syringomyelia using magnetic-resonance "Bruker" tomograph with the intensity of the magnetic field 0.23 T. The observation was carried out according to the authors' classification. Symptom complex of syringomyelia corresponding to the anatomic disorders of the spinal cord was described. The authors made a conclusion, that the magnetic-resonance tomography, as the most informative method, was a method of choice in syringomyelia. In 21% of the patients there was idiopathic syringomyelia; in 47.3% a process spread to the caudal regions of medulla oblongata. In 79% cases syringomyelia manifested as a syndrome; in 50% of the total cases it was found in Arnold--Chiari anomaly.

[Magnetic resonance tomography in late sequelae of spinal and spinal cord injuries]. / Magnitno-rezonansnaia tomografiia pri otdalennykh posledstviiakh pozvonochno-spinnomozgovoi travmy.

Magnetic-resonance tomography (MRT) helped obtain a high-resolution image characterized by high sensitivity in respect of soft tissue contrast visualization and providing direct imaging of the spinal cord and its radicles. This method is useful in the diagnosis of injuries to the spine and cord. A total of 64 patients of both sexes aged 6 to 67 were examined. The primary diagnosis of traumatic changes in the spine and cord was confirmed by MRT in only 62% of cases. Two groups of patients were singled out: with acute and chronic injuries, subdivided into subgroups with and without spinal cord dysfunction. The detected changes were divided into extramedullary (traumatic disk hernias, compression of the cord or radicles with a dislocated bone fragment, epidural hematoma) and intramedullary (edema, hemorrhages, spinal cord disruption); MRT diagnosis of intramedullary changes is particularly important, more so in the absence of bone injuries. In remote periods after the trauma the clinical picture was determined by spinal canal stenosis, cicatricial atrophic and adhesive changes eventually blocking the liquor space. Intramedullary changes presented as spinal cord cysts or syringomyelia. A classification of the detected changes by the types of injuries and their aftereffects is presented in the paper. The authors emphasize the desirability of MRT in spinal injuries with signs of cord dysfunction.

[The Arnold-Chiari anomaly: magnetic resonance tomographic data and the clinical manifestations]. / Anomaliia Arnol'da--Kiari: dannye magnitno-rezonansnoi tomografii i klinicheskie proiavleniia.

Magnetic resonance tomographic findings and clinical symptoms were compared by using the results of 596 studies. The clinical diagnoses and types of Arnold-Chiari's anomaly, which were revealed by magnetic resonance tomography as groups I, II, and III were also evaluated. A contribution of fluid dynamic disorders, including intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus, was assessed. No relationship was found between the clinical manifestations and the ascending degree of cerebellar tonsils. The combination of Arnold-Chiari's anomaly with syringomyelia and osteochondrosis and a role of magnetic resonance tomography in the identification of the anomaly for correct choice of therapy in spinal pathology were shown. It was concluded that magnetic resonance tomography should be used in all cases of spinal diseases or suspected diseases of the craniospinal transition.