Response of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to three bioinductive materials - An in vitro experimental study.

INTRODUCTION: Stem cells have unmatched capacity and potential for regeneration and when used alone or in combination with scaffolds to replace or repair damaged cells, can differentiate into any mature cell. AIM: To evaluate the functional differentiation potential of EMD (Enamel Matrix Derivative), MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) and Biodentine on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED). OBJECTIVE: To determine functional differentiation potential (osteogenic/odontogenic) of various biomaterials on SHED. MATERIAL AND METHOD: SHED derived from 5th linear passage after sub-culturing were treated with EMD, MTA and Biodentine individually and their effect on cell viability was compared and evaluated by MTT (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay for 7 days. Alizarin red S staining was used to assess mineralization potential of these materials by the staining calcium deposits for 14 days. The results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Post hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: It was observed that EMD imparted the highest cell viability at the end of 7 days (p < 0.001) followed by Biodentine and MTA. Likewise EMD showed highest potential to enhanced mineralization and expression of dentine sialoprotein (p < 0.001) followed by Biodentine and MTA at the end of 14 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that all the tested materials are bioinductive to SHED. EMD can be used for various vital pulp therapies as that of Biodentine and MTA with predictable as well as enhanced success rate.

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial property of silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine against five different oral pathogenic bacteria.

INTRODUCTION: Numerous antimicrobial agents are used to eliminate oral biofilm. However due to emergence of multi drug resistant microorganisms, the quest to find out biologically safe and naturally available antimicrobial agents continues. AIM: To evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of silver nano-particles against five common oral pathogenic bacteria. OBJECTIVE: To determine antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine gluconate against oral pathogenic bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We used strains of Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497), Streptococcus oralis (MTCC 2696), Lactobacillus acidophilus (MTCC 10307), Lactobacillus fermentum (MTCC 903), and Candida albicans (MTCC 183). We used commercially available silver nanoparticles (experimental group) and chlorhexidine gluconate (positive control). We determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of both agents and analyzed the data using paired 't' test, one way ANOVA and Tucky's post Hoc HSD. RESULT: Silver nanoparticles inhibited bacterial growth moderately. The mean MIC of AgNP against S. mutans was 60 ±â€¯22.36 µg/ml, S. oralis - 45 ±â€¯11.18 µg/ml, L. acidophilus - 15 ±â€¯5.59 µg/ml, L. fermentum - 90 ±â€¯22.36 µg/ml, Candida albicans - 2.82 ±â€¯0.68 µg/ml respectively. For chlorhexidine gluconate, mean MIC for S. mutans was 300 ±â€¯111.80 µg/ml, S. oralis - 150 ±â€¯55.90 µg/ml, L. acidophilus - 450 ±â€¯111.80 µg/ml, L. fermentum - 450 ±â€¯111.80 µg/ml and Candida albicans - 150 ±â€¯55.90 µg/ml. MIC and MBC values of AgNP were significantly lower than chlorhexidine gluconate and statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Silver nanoparticles exhibited better bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect with concentration less than five folds as compared to chlorhexidine. Silver nanoparticles when used in appropriate concentration as safe alternative to present chemically derived other antimicrobial agents.