ABSTRACT
During the last two decades front-line treatment of metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has profoundly changed moving from the old "one size fits all" concept to a "histology-based" approach and then, for a small subgroup of patients to a "molecularly-selected" one. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the unprecedented results reported in 2nd/3rd line prompted the evaluation of these novel therapeutic agents in chemotherapy-naïve patients either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. Several randomized trials are evaluating the impact of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in 1st line and some of them have yet produced preliminary evidence of efficacy. However, still a long way to go and several questions are still unanswered, including proper patients selection, optimal sequential/combinatorial use of these agents, appropriate treatment duration, and finally the identification of predictive biomarkers. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the growing role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the upfront treatment of advanced non-oncogene addicted NSCLC either as single agent or in combination with other agents.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Immunotherapy/methods , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Animals , HumansSubject(s)
Growth , Socioeconomic Factors , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hungary , MaleABSTRACT
The effects of socio-demographic factors on children's growth and maturation have been analysed by means of cross-sectional growth study. 4517 boys and girls between 4 and 18 years from Eger (North Hungary) were investigated anthropometrically. In this paper it is shown how far body height, body weight, and menarcheal age are depending on socio-demographic factors. No significant differences were seen with regard to body measurements in children of the same age, but belonging to different socio-demographic groups. Menarche was found to be earlier (about 4 months) in first borns as compared to second borns. In single children it occurred earlier (about three months) than in those having brothers and sisters.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Demography , Growth , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Adolescent , Birth Order , Body Height , Body Weight , Child , Female , History, Medieval , Humans , Hungary , Male , MenstruationSubject(s)
Boutonneuse Fever/diagnosis , Complement Fixation Tests , Rickettsiaceae Infections/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rickettsia/immunologyABSTRACT
The synthesis and the in vitro activity of a number of cephalosporins and 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporins having 7-acyl substituents derived from 1-methyl-4 (or 5)-nitro-1H-imidazolyl-thioacetic acids are described. The microbiological profile is influenced by the position of both the nitro group and the side-chain sulfur atom on the 1-methyl imidazole, and by the nature of the 3-substituent.
