ABSTRACT
Mandibular non-union occurs in 2-9% after open reduction and internal fixation of a mandibular fracture (trauma surgery, orthognathic cases, access osteotomy for oncological purposes). The medial femoral condyle (MFC) has emerged more recently as one of the most versatile donor sites in the treatment of challenging bone reconstruction. This is the first description of MFC for treatment of mandibular non-union. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients who underwent reconstruction with a microvascular MFC flap for bone defects of the head and neck area between January 2015 and December 2018 at Careggi Hospital of Florence. Inclusion criteria were patients where the FMC was used for mandibular defects arising due to non-union. Seven patients presented mandibular defects reconstructed by MFC flap and were included in this investigation (two cases of segmental mandible defect due to post-traumatic non-union; two patients of pathological mandibular fracture after prolonged bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis; three patients with mandibular continuity loss after failed orthognathic surgeries). At one-year follow-up, all patients had satisfactory occlusion. One-year postoperative CTs revealed full osteointegration of the flaps. In conclusion, the MFC free flap is an attractive option for mandibular reconstruction. Small defects (3-5 cm) in poorly vascularized beds are the ideal target.
Subject(s)
Free Tissue Flaps , Mandibular Reconstruction , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Bone Transplantation , Humans , Mandible/surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The sensitivity of harpacticoid copepods was tested against selected pollutants. Acute toxicity tests were carried out for five hyporheic species exposed to pesticides, ammonia, and metals. The stygoxene Bryocamptus zschokkei, B. minutus, B. pygmaeus and Attheyella crassa; and the stygophilous B. echinatus were sampled and cultured during 8 months in controlled conditions. A first test protocol is presented. The acute endpoints among species fell within one order of magnitude. The sensitivity among various species evaluated in this study is consistent and the choice of species for further sediment/groundwater assessment is not specific to a chemical class. These potential test organisms would be more suitable to protect meiofaunal communities.
Subject(s)
Ammonia/toxicity , Copepoda/drug effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Metals/toxicity , Pesticides/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Copepoda/growth & development , Fresh Water , Lethal Dose 50 , Longevity/drug effects , Species Specificity , Toxicity Tests, AcuteABSTRACT
Methodological research was carried out to evaluate the discriminatory capability of three toxicity bioassays toward different elutriation ratios (1:4, 1:20, 1:50, and 1:200 sediment:water ratios). Samples from six sampling stations of the Lagoon of Venice have been investigated. The toxicity bioassay results (sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lmk sperm cell and embryo toxicity bioassays and bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas Thunberg embryo toxicity bioassays) have shown that elutriates generated from the widely used 1:4 ratio were less toxic than those from intermediate ratios (1:20 and 1:50).
Subject(s)
Geologic Sediments/chemistry , Toxicity Tests/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Water/chemistry , Ammonia/analysis , Animals , Crassostrea/drug effects , Crassostrea/embryology , Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects , Embryonic Development/drug effects , Female , Fertilization/drug effects , Male , Sea Urchins/drug effects , Sea Urchins/embryology , Sea Urchins/physiology , Spermatozoa/drug effects , Spermatozoa/physiology , Sulfides/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistrySubject(s)
Crustacea/physiology , Fishes/physiology , Metals/toxicity , Pesticides/toxicity , Surface-Active Agents/toxicity , Animals , Lethal Dose 50 , MaleABSTRACT
1. By using affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing analysis at least two major glutathione transferases, named GST II and GST III can be isolated from Gammarus italicus. 2. GST II has an isoelectric point at pH 5.0 and is composed of two subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 28 KDa. 3. GST III which has an isoelectric point at pH 4.6 was found to be an heterodimer of 27 KDa and 28 KDa. 4. The 28 KDa subunit cross-reacted in immunoblotting analysis with antisera raised against pi class GST, whereas none of the antisera raised against alpha, mu and pi class GSTs cross-reacted with the 27 KDa subunit.
Subject(s)
Crustacea/enzymology , Glutathione Transferase/isolation & purification , Animals , Environmental Monitoring , Glutathione Transferase/chemistry , Glutathione Transferase/immunology , Immunochemistry , Isoelectric Point , Isoenzymes/chemistry , Isoenzymes/immunology , Isoenzymes/isolation & purification , Models, Biological , Molecular WeightABSTRACT
Due to the close correlation between glucose mobilization and utilization within animal tissues, in this paper, the stages of appearance of phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase and hexokinase as well as the levels of some intermediates of glucose metabolism have been investigated during Bufo bufo development. Phosphorylase first appears at stage 13 and is dominant in the neural part of the embryo, but, after this stage, increases relatively more in the nonneural one. Hexokinase appears at stage 17 and glucose-6-phosphatase soon after. Phosphorylase appearance at stage 13 is correlated with an increase of lactate content in the embryo; this may indicate a metabolization of hexoses. On this basis, the subsequent appearance of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities also seems coherent with hexose mobilization and utilization within embryo. No direct causative factor for the changes observed was evident.
Subject(s)
Bufo bufo/metabolism , Hexoses/metabolism , Animals , Bufo bufo/embryology , Glucose/metabolism , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism , Hexokinase/metabolism , Nervous System/metabolism , Phosphorylases/metabolismABSTRACT
The actions of melanin and its precursors on mitotic frequencies, cell division and 3 H-thymidine incorporation in protokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are studied. It was also suggested that the binding of melanin precursors with proteins in the melanosomes is a way of scavenging a cytotoxia activity.
