ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF STUDY: To evaluate and compare imaging findings using computed tomography (CT) alone and positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) fusion imaging in posttreatment carcinoma cervix patients for recurrence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From June 2014 to May 2016, 50 posttreatment carcinoma cervix patients were referred to our institution for PET/CT imaging. In all 50 of these patients referred for evaluation, a reliable reference standard was available. The reference standard was established by histopathological examination of accessible locoregional and nodal/distant metastatic involvement or follow-up of patients. CT and PET/CT were performed and analyzed for locoregional, pelvic nodal, and distant metastasis involvement in posttreatment carcinoma cervix cases. RESULTS: In the evaluation of locoregional involvement, CT alone was found to have a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 90% while PET/CT was found to have a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100%. Furthermore, in evaluation of pelvic nodal involvement, CT alone was found to have a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 92.6% while PET/CT was found to have a sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 92.9%. In context to distant metastasis involvement (including para-aortic nodes), CT alone was found to have a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 96.2% while PET/CT was found to have a sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 100%. PET/CT fusion in comparison to CT alone is better in sensitivity and specificity in the detection of locoregional involvement, pelvic node invasion, and distant metastasis in posttreatment carcinoma cervix cases.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodule is one of the most common endocrinopathies occurring children and adolescents. Though thyroid nodule is rare in the pediatric age group, the rate of malignancy is much higher in this age group compared to adult population. AIM: The objective is to study the application of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) in pediatric patients and compare the findings with histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 218 cases younger than 18 years were studied in a 4-year period from August 2010 to July 2014. The smears were categorized according to TBSRTC into six categories - Nondiagnostic, benign, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN), suspicious for malignancy (SM), and malignancy. RESULTS: Out of 218 cases, 33 were males and 185 were females. Histological follow-up was available in 44 cases. The diagnosis according to TBSRTC included 12 (5.5%) nondiagnostic, 151 (69.26%) benign, 23 (10.5%) AUS/FLUS, 18 (8.2%) SFN, 5 (2.3%) SM, and 9 (4.1%) malignancy cases. On histological follow-up, the rate of malignancy in each category was 0%, 0%, 8.3%, 10% 100%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that TBSRTC in pediatric thyroid nodule is as sensitive and specific as in adults, especially with 100% accuracy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant categories.
