[COMPLEX IMMUNOGLOBULIN PREPARATION FOR THERAPY OF PERTUSSIS IN YOUNG CHILDREN].

AIM: Study the possibility of inclusion of complex immunoglobulin preparation (CIP) pos- sessing specific activity against pertussis exotoxins into complex therapy of pertussis infection in young children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: -2 groups of children with.pertussis younger than 3 years were examined. The main group (50 individuals) received CIPper os - 1 dose 1 - 2 times per day for 5 days, comparison group (34 children) received only basic therapy. Evaluation of clinical effectiveness of CIP was carried out, the content of anti-pertussis class G antibodies and total IgE in patients were studied. RESULTS: A good clinical effectiveness of the preparation was shown, as well as immune modulating activity against humoral immune response to pertussis infection. CONCLUSION: The detected positive effect of CIP on pertussis -course in children has indicated a principally novel use of this per oral drug form.

[Colonization resistance and immunological reactivity of children's oropharyngeal mucosa in health and bronchopulmonary pathology].

The study group was comprised of 27 practically healthy children, 51 patients with acute bronchitis, 15 with chronic bronchitis and 11 with pneumonia. It was shown that changes of microbiocoenosis in back of the throat (BOT) were related to increased mucosal contamination with normal microflora and opportunistic microorganisms. The highest degree of contamination was observed in children with acute bronchitis. Normocoenosis was detected only in 13 practically healthy children. The disorders of microbiocoenosis took the form of disbiosis and acute inflammatory processes in patients with acute and chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. However, the large amount of normal flora together with the high Ig level ensured marked colonization resistance as evidenced by the values of natural colonization coefficient of nasopharyngeal epithelium (NCCNE) and balance coefficient (BC). These data suggested development of compensated secondary immunodeficiencies. In patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, local synthesis of Ig prevailed. It is shown that BC can be used to screen children for disorders of mucosal immunity. The presence of increased saliva IgE levels in patients with acute and chronic bronchitis supports the generally accepted concept of bronchi as a "shock organ" in allergic condition. It was demonstrated that IgE levels in saliva increase earlier than in serum and may be used as a prognostic criterion in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology.

[The microflora of vaginal, gutter, and intestinal bioptats of women with a threat of early miscarriage].

A complex simultaneous assessment of the microbiota (the aerobic and anaerobic links as well as the parietal and lumen components) of the gutter, vagina, and intestines of women with a pathological pregnancy was performed. In 30% of women the study revealed system dysbiotic changes. Local immune reactivity was decreased, which may be considered a provoking factor. In conclusion, complex microbiological examination makes it possible to objectivize the picture of the pathological process and its outcome. A criterion for the administration of correcting measures is offered.

[Microbiologicaland immunological criteria for estimation of ureaplasmosis treatment efficacy in women].

The role of surface and parietal vaginal microbiocenosis and immunoglobulins in development of infectious process, in prediction of resistance of causative microorganism to antibiotics and treatment efficacy was demonstrated on group of women with ureaplasmosis. Evaluation of anaerobic part of vaginal microbiota contemporary with its aerobic part reliably increased informative value of microbiological test in women with urogenital diseases. There are reasons to include interferon preparations into the complex therapy of ureaplasmosis.

[The microbiological and immunological characteristics of disbiotic disturbances of the biotopes of the mucose membranes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts].

The study consisted in comparison of the microecology and the parameters of the humoral immunity of the biotopes of the respiratory and urogenital tracts under normal conditions and in inflammatory processes caused by bacterial agents. The study revealed significant changes in the microbiocenosis of the respiratory and urogenital tracts, caused by decline of indigenous microflora and increase of the content of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. These changes depended on the degree of the infectious process severity. Measurement of the humoral immunity parameters revealed a significant correlation between the content of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms and the levels of M and A immunoglobulins, as well as secretory IgA and free secretory component (sc) in the vaginal secretions of patients with non-specific inflammatory diseases of the genital tract, as well as G and A immunoglobulins, secretory IgA, and sc in the saliva of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.

[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for characterization of affinity and epitope specificity of antibodies to a polysaccharide antigen]. / Immunofermentnyi metod kharakteristiki antitel k polisakharidnomu antigenu po ikh affinosti i épitopnoi spetsifichnosti.

The use of the Langmuir equation for processing ELISA data (the sandwich variant) helped to ascribe a physical sense to the parameters of the optimization of the antigen-antibody titration curve: the maximum response that characterizes complete binding corresponds to the saturation of all epitopes of the antigen, and the concentration at which half of the maximum response is attained corresponds to the dissociation constant of the immune complex, i.e., to the average affinity of the antibodies. The algorithm was tested for systems in which antibodies against IgE and IgD were sorbed on a support, and the antigen bound was determined by the antibodies conjugated with peroxidase. A good fit of the experimental and theoretical curves and reasonable values for the affinity constants were found. In another system, the binding of specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies with the polysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis serotype A was studied during vaccine testing. The structural simplicity of the antigen molecule made it possible to suggest the presence of two main epitopes and to reveal the dynamics of formation of the antibodies to them.

Studies of Fc receptors of heart valve and joint fibroblasts.

Normal human and rabbit sera, and the IgG isolated from them, have been shown by immunofluorescence to react with bovine and human heart valve fibroblasts. Analogous results were obtained with sera of children under the age of 2. Positive reactions were observed also with fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteocytes of human fetal joint tissues. The reactions are mostly due to monomeric immunoglobulins, since soluble immune complexes give much weaker reactions with the fibroblasts. The reactions are apparently dependent on the presence of Fc receptors on these cells. This conclusion is confirmed by positive reactions with IgG Fc fragments, with pure antibodies to ovalbumin and with human monoclonal IgG. The monoclonal IgG1 possesses the strongest ability to bind with fibroblast Fc receptors. No Fc-IgG receptors have been revealed on the fibroblasts and other structures of the interstitial connective tissue of human and bovine myocardium.

[Isotachophoretic isolation of IgD and IgE and production of monospecific antisera against them]. / Vydelenie metodom izotakhoforeza IgD i IgE i poluchenie k nim monospetsificheskikh antisyvorotok.

The method of preparative isotachophoresis in acrylamide gel ensuring a high yield of IgD and IgE with insignificant admixtures of IgG, etc. was used for the isolation of IgD and IgE from the blood sera of myeloma patients. As a result of immunization with these antigens, monospecific IgD and IgE antisera were obtained. These antisera, alongside with specific antibodies, contained antibodies to admixtures; the latter were eliminated by the method of immune absorbtion carried out with the use of a sorbent based on Sepharose activated with bromo-cyanogen and conjugated with normal human blood serum. Ig D antisera were also shown to contain antibodies to idiotypical IgD determinants located in the Fab fragment of this immunoglobulin.

[Reactions of normal human and rabbit immunoglobulins with heart valve fibroblasts]. / Reaktsii normal'nykh immunoglobulinov cheloveka i krolika s fibroblastami klapanov serdtsa.

It was demonstrated using the indirect immunofluorescent technique that normal human and rabbit sera, and IgG isolated from them intensively reacted with fibroblasts of human and bovine heart valves. The results obtained with Fab and Fc fragments of IgG sugges that this reaction is due to the Fc region of the IgG molecule and related to the presence of the Fc receptor on fibroblasts of heart valves.

[Production of rabbit precipitating antisera to subclasses of human IgG]. / Poluchenie krolich'ikh pretsipitiruiushchikh antisyvorotok k subklassam IgG cheloveka.

Precipitating antisera to human subclasses IgG were obtained by immunization of rabbits by whole molecules IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and gamma 1-chains derived from IgG1H (Pr). Analysis of the antisera obtained demonstrated that rabbits produced specific antibodies to the antigenic subclass determinants IgG3 well, to IgG2, IgG4--much worse, and failed to produce specific antibodies to subclass IgG1 (in immunization with whole molecules of this protein). Antisera contained antibodies to the antigenic determinants common of IgG, and antibodies to light chains which were removed by immunosorption, for which purpose a sorbent on the basis of BrCN sepharose conjugated with IgG of the three other subclasses and Fab-fragment was used.

[Determination of the subclasses of monoclonal human immunoglobulins G and of the light chain type with the aid of specific antisera]. / Opredelenie subklassov monoklonal'nykh IgG cheloveka i tipa legkikh tsepeí s pomoshch'iu spetsificheskikh antisyvorotok.

Sera of 86 patients suffering from G-myeloma were studied for the purpose of determination of subclasses of monoclone IgG. Investigations were carried out by means of antisera to subclasses IgG by the double diffusion method in gel after Ouchterlony. The following distribution of myeloma Ig was revealed: G1--70%, G2--17%, G3--11%,and G4--2%. In typing of the light igG chains by the method of immunoelectrophoresis, using antisera to the light chains of immunoglobulins of the chi and lambda type it was found that IgG1 chi was encountered more frequently than IgG1 lambda (3:1 ratio). The amount of the sera with the IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 was insufficient for the reliable conclusion of their distribution by the type of light chains.

[Quaternary structure of oligomeric immunoglobulin A forms from human blood serum]. / Izuchenie chetvertichnoi struktury oligomernykh form immunoglobulina a iz syvorotki krovi cheloveka

A character of forces stabilyzing quaternary structure of dimer and more high molecular human immunoglobulin A oligomers is found to be different. Quaternary structure of IgA dimer is formed when joining subunits with disulfide bonds and is stabilized by non-covalent interactions between them. Disulfide bonds play a main part in the formation of trimers and tetramers. Dimer IgA reconstructs by 40% from subunits with intact interchain S--S bonds. The addition of exogenous J-chain does not significantly affect the process of dimer self-assembling from subunits with recovered and intact interchain disulfide bonds.