Higher adverse childhood experiences interference with targeted early intervention to reduce persistence of adult subacute pain: a feasibility open trial.

Introduction: The feasibility of an Early Subacute Pain Intervention Program was assessed for improving outcomes in patients with subacute pain and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at increased risk of long-term disability. Methods: Eligible patients were referred by their general practitioner for an open trial of individual case management with group-based education and psychological support sessions and access to allied health services. Measures of pain, disability, and mental health were assessed at baseline, on completion of the 6-month program, and 6 months after completion. Results: Thirty-nine participants (mean age 51 years, 72% women) completed the program. Pain at baseline was subacute (median duration 9.7 weeks) and of high intensity (median score 8/10), with a mean ACE score of 4.3. After completing the program, participants reported reduced pain severity and interference (~50% reduction), risk of future disability, psychological distress, and number of unhealthy days (~30% reduction) and were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). These gains were maintained at 6-months from the beginning of treatment. Higher ACE scores were associated with greater baseline levels of pain interference, risk of future disability, and psychological distress, and with less improvement in pain interference and psychological distress after completing the program. Discussion: This program suggested pain-related disability and mental health in patients with subacute pain and ACE exposure may be improved, although with reduced efficacy with higher ACE exposure. There need to be further robust investigation to quantify the value of targeted early intervention programs in primary health care settings to help reduce subacute pain persistence and progression to chronic pain in patients at increased risk of long-term disability.

Biomarkers for Chronic Pain: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances.

Chronic pain can be difficult to predict and a challenge to treat. Biomarkers for chronic pain signal an opportunity for advancements in both management and prevention, and through their research and development offer new insights into the complex processes at play. This review considers the latest research in chronic pain biomarker development and considers how close we are to bringing these from bench to bedside. While some headway has been made that offers efficiencies in patient selection, it is unlikely that a single test will encompass the variety of chronic pain phenotypes. We offer some insights for the near future in biomarker development and areas of continued unmet need.

10 kHz SCS therapy for chronic pain, effects on opioid usage: Post hoc analysis of data from two prospective studies.

Chronic pain, including chronic low back and leg pain are prominent causes of disability worldwide. While patient management aims to reduce pain and improve daily function, prescription of opioids remains widespread despite significant adverse effects. This study pooled data from two large prospective trials on 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation (10 kHz SCS) in subjects with chronic low back pain and/or leg pain and performed post hoc analysis on changes in opioid dosage 12 months post 10 kHz SCS treatment. Patient-reported back and leg pain using the visual analog scale (VAS) and opioid dose (milligrams morphine equivalent/day, MME/day) were compared at 12 months post-10 kHz SCS therapy to baseline. Results showed that in the combined dataset, 39.3% of subjects were taking >90 MME dose of opioids at baseline compared to 23.0% at 12 months post-10 kHz SCS therapy (p = 0.007). The average dose of opioids in >90 MME group was significantly reduced by 46% following 10 kHz SCS therapy (p < 0.001), which was paralleled by significant pain relief (P < 0.001). In conclusion, current analysis demonstrates the benefits of 10 kHz SCS therapy and offers an evidence-based, non-pharmaceutical alternative to opioid therapy and/or an adjunctive therapy to facilitate opioid dose reduction whilst delivering significant pain relief. Healthcare providers involved in management of chronic non-cancer pain can include reduction or elimination of opioid use as part of treatment plan when contemplating 10 kHz SCS.